Sensitive determination of rose bengal in brown sugar by a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction monolithic capillary column coupled with capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

Abbreviations: AIBN, azobisisobutyronitrile; CE-LIF, capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence detection; EDMA, ethylene dimethacrylate; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; MISPE, molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; LOD, limit of detection; LOQ, limit of quantitation; MIP, molecularly imprinted polymers; MAA, methacrylic acid; NIP, non-imprinted polymer; NISPE, non-imprinted solid-phase extraction; RSD, relative standard deviation; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; SPE, solid-phase extraction Keywords: Brown sugar/Capillary electrophoresis/In situ polymerization/MIPs/ Monolithic capillary column/Rose bengal/SPE Abstract 1 A method employing molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) coupled 2 with capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) was 3 developed for the determination of rose bengal in brown sugar. The rose bengal 4 imprinted monolithic column was prepared by in situ polymerization, utilizing rose 5 bengal as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene 6 dimethacrylate as cross-linker. The capacity and specificity of this column were 7 evaluated by CE-LIF, and the morphology was characterized by scanning electron 8microscopy. The recoveries were ranging from 89.7% to 90.3% (relative standard 9 deviation 3.6%-4.5%, n=5). The capacities of molecularly imprinted polymer and 10 non-imprinted polymer columns were 1.314 µg mg -1 and 0.531 µg mg -1 , respectively. 11The detection limit (S/N=3) was 3 ng mL -1 . The enrichment factor was higher than 12 63-fold and the MISPE column managed to clean up the matrix in brown sugar 13 effectively. This method can be applied to sensitively and effectively determine rose 14 bengal in brown sugar.

Molecularly imprinted polymers in miniaturized extraction and separation devices

“…As for MIP synthesis in bulk, MAA is the most commonly used functional monomer usually copolymerized with EGDMA as CL, but AA [35][36][37]77] and VP [35][36][37]75,79] were sometimes preferred. The T/M/CL ratio is highly variable but a preponderance of publications used a molar ratio of 1/4/20 [80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. Finally, miniaturized organic monolithic MIPs were mainly prepared by free radical polymerization with AIBN by either a photochemical or thermal initiation.…”

“…Indeed, in addition to solubilize the reagents and promote interactions between the template and the functional monomers, it must led to large pores to obtain good flow-through property, that is, a high permeability [87]. Therefore, a solvent is selected, such as predominantly ACN or toluene, to solubilize the reagents and promote the expected interactions and another solvent is added, such as dodecanol [35][36][37]75,[79][80][81][82]85,88,89] or isooctane [77,84,86,[90][91][92][93], for its ability to produce large pores due to earlier onset phase separation. Appropriate ratios of each solvent are then adjusted to set the solubility, polarity, and ability to generate pores to a satisfactory degree.…”

“…Miniaturized monolithic MIPs synthesized in capillaries were used for extraction of various targets, such as drugs [73,86,93,95,105], biomarkers [35][36][37], proteins [94,99], dyes [80,82,85], fungicides [107], or toxins [38,40], in different complex matrices including urine [35][36][37], saliva [86], food [38,73,80,82,85,93,105,107], plants [95], or serum [86,94,99] (Table 7).…”

Selective extraction of cocaine from biological samples with a miniaturized monolithic molecularly imprinted polymer and on-line analysis in nano-liquid chromatography

“…Recently, monolithic MIPs were also developed for off-line extractions in miniaturized devices, such as pipet-tips [27,28], hollow-fiber membrane [29], or 75 µm to 530 µm i.d. capillaries [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. If the repeatability of the extraction was sometimes mentioned, the repeatability of the MIP synthesis has almost never been described.…”

Magnetic graphene solid-phase extraction in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

“…[18][19][20][21] Furthermore, not only the specic surface area, but the high p-electron density of adsorptions is important for phenyl adsorbates. [22][23][24] For example, although the surface area is only 53.8 m 2 g À1 , the adsorption capacity of STY/DVB/GMA polyHIPE monolith is 16.21 mg Ant per g polyHIPE polymers. 24 As a single layer sp 2 bonded carbon materials with two dimensional lattices, graphene has excellent physico-chemical properties including a remarkably stable structure and properties, large surface area and delocalized p-electron system.…”