“…Fabrication and surface engineering of platinum metal nanoparticles with different morphology and crystal-face has been the focus of many recent studies due to the broad class and most promising applications such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell [ 1 , 2 ], industrial synthesis of ammonia [ 3 ], electrochemical oxidation of ethanol and methanol [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], glucose detection [ 7 ], carbon monoxide gas sensors [ 8 ], petroleum refining [ 9 ], hydrogen production and anticancer drugs [ 10 , 11 ]. The preparation of metal particles with well-controlled size and shapes are more important for catalytic applications.…”
Nanocrystalline platinum with different morphologies is synthesized via electrochemical deposition technique. The nucleation mechanism and its structural effect over the electrodeposited Pt on carbon electrodes have been systematically studied. Powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy are employed to study nucleation, oxidation states, and Pt structure growth on a carbon electrode. This study reports significant development of Pt metal nanoparticles with different morphologies such as a sphere, flower, core-flower, and rod-like structure directly fabricated on carbon electrode while tuning the deposition parameters such as current density, time, temperature, pH during the deposition process. The proposed electrochemical route represents a superior fabrication procedure for large-scale electrode fabrication compared to a conventional method for preparing membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cell stacks.
“…Fabrication and surface engineering of platinum metal nanoparticles with different morphology and crystal-face has been the focus of many recent studies due to the broad class and most promising applications such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell [ 1 , 2 ], industrial synthesis of ammonia [ 3 ], electrochemical oxidation of ethanol and methanol [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], glucose detection [ 7 ], carbon monoxide gas sensors [ 8 ], petroleum refining [ 9 ], hydrogen production and anticancer drugs [ 10 , 11 ]. The preparation of metal particles with well-controlled size and shapes are more important for catalytic applications.…”
Nanocrystalline platinum with different morphologies is synthesized via electrochemical deposition technique. The nucleation mechanism and its structural effect over the electrodeposited Pt on carbon electrodes have been systematically studied. Powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy are employed to study nucleation, oxidation states, and Pt structure growth on a carbon electrode. This study reports significant development of Pt metal nanoparticles with different morphologies such as a sphere, flower, core-flower, and rod-like structure directly fabricated on carbon electrode while tuning the deposition parameters such as current density, time, temperature, pH during the deposition process. The proposed electrochemical route represents a superior fabrication procedure for large-scale electrode fabrication compared to a conventional method for preparing membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cell stacks.
“…Briefly, the printed Au anode and cathode were modified with colloidal platinum (co–Pt) and silver oxide nanoparticles-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ag 2 O-MWCNTs), respectively and coated with Nafion. The electrocatalytic co–Pt anode paired with the sacrificial silver oxide cathode plays a significant role in the use of the hybrid fuel cell as a glucose monitoring device since the electrical voltage correlated with the glucose concentration, and thus functions as a glucose sensor 16 , 31 . The oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction of the abiotic hybrid fuel cell are as follows: Figure 1 A schematic illustration of the wireless glucose monitoring system comprising an abiotic glucose hybrid fuel cell, an NFC module, and a smartphone application.…”
In this work, a low power microcontroller-based near field communication (NFC) interfaced with a flexible abiotic glucose hybrid fuel cell is designed to function as a battery-less glucose sensor. The abiotic glucose fuel cell is fabricated by depositing colloidal platinum (co–Pt) on the anodic region and silver oxide nanoparticles-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ag2O-MWCNTs) composite on the cathodic region. The electrochemical behavior is characterized using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. This glucose hybrid fuel cell generated an open circuit voltage of 0.46 V, short circuit current density of 0.444 mA/cm2, and maximum power density of 0.062 mW/cm2 at 0.26 V in the presence of 7 mM physiologic glucose. Upon device integration of the abiotic glucose hybrid fuel cell with the NFC module, the data from the glucose monitoring system is successfully transmitted to an android application for visualization at the user interface. The cell voltage correlated (r2 = 0.989) with glucose concentration (up to 19 mM) with a sensitivity of 13.9 mV/mM•cm2.
“…Since the bipotentiostatic characterization of the chronoamperometric profiles for the Au-co-Pt anode and the BOD biocathode exhibited similar characteristics in the presence of glucose and oxygen, it is concluded that the reaction at the anode does not significantly affect the reaction at the biocathode. Moreover, the hybrid biofuel cell employs Au-co-Pt and enzyme as catalysts, the HBFC is selective toward glucose and does not suffer from fuel crossover 29 . It has been shown that the use of selective catalysts allows for biofuel cells to be operated as membraneless systems that operates under mild conditions (pH 5–8, 25–37 °C), thereby making them attractive alternative to traditional fuel cells 30 .…”
A hybrid biofuel cell (HBFC) is explored as a low-cost alternative to abiotic and enzymatic biofuel cells. Here the HBFC provides an enzymeless approach for the fabrication of the anodic electrode while employing an enzymatic approach for the fabrication of the cathodic electrode to develop energy harvesting platform to power bioelectronic devices. The anode employed 250 μm braided gold wire modified with colloidal platinum (Au-co-Pt) and bilirubin oxidase (BODx) modified gold coated Buckypaper (BP-Au-BODx) cathode. The functionalization of the gold coated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) structures of the BP electrodes is achieved by 3-mercaptopropionic acid surface modification to possess negatively charged carboxylic groups and subsequently followed by EDC/Sulfo-NHS (1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide) crosslinking with BODx. The integration of the BODx and gold coated MWCNTs is evaluated for bioelectrocatalytic activity. The Au-co-Pt and BP-Au-BODx exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation with a linear dynamic range up to 20 mM glucose and molecular oxygen reduction, respectively. The HBFC demonstrated excellent performance with the largest open circuit voltages of 0.735 V and power density of 46.31 μW/cm2 in 3 mM glucose. In addition, the HBFC operating on 3 mM glucose exhibited excellent uninterrupted operational stability while continuously powering a small electronic device. These results provide great opportunities for implementing this simple but efficient HBFC to harvest the biochemical energy of target fuel(s) in diverse medical and environmental applications.
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