Sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of some phenothiazine drugs

Abstract

A new simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for some phenothiazine derivatives has been developed. The proposed method is based on the reaction of phenothiazine derivatives promethazine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, triflupromazine hydrochloride, prochlorperazine, and trifluoperazine with potassium iodate followed by reaction of liberated iodine with leuco crystal violet (LCV) and measurement of the color of the oxidized LCV at 598 nm. The method showed a good linearity in the ranges 0.05-4.0, 0.02-2.0, 0.05-5.0, 0.1-8.0, and 0.05-2.0 lg mL -1 respectively. The optimum conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The proposed methods have been applied successfully to the analysis of phenothiazine derivatives in pure form and in their dosage forms, and no interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Pure and in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Diazotization and Coupling Reaction

“…Many spectrophotometric methods have been also used for the determination of SMX in pharmaceutical preparations. Most of them included diazotization reaction of SMX and coupling with different coupling agents such as phloroglucinol (Upadhyay et al, 2012 ), pyrogallol (Othman, 2005), 1-naphthol (Sinan and Al-Uzri, 2011), tropaeolin O (Boiko et al, 2011), γ-resorsolic acid (Mohammed and Zamel, 2017), 2-Naphthol (Shamsa and Amani, 2006) and diphenylamine (Khalaf et al, 2014). Other methods were either based on the charge transfer reaction with chloranilic acid to form complex (Adegoke et al, 2017), condensation reaction with 1,2-napthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid (Khalaf et al, 2017), Schiff's base reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (Siddappa et al, 2011) or oxidation-reduction reaction with ferric ions and potassium ferricyanide by using resorcinol as reagent (Vijaya et al, 2008).…”

“…Some of these methods suffer from various limitations for example, low stability of the colored product formed and laborious (Adegoke et al, 2017). Others required heating, extraction (Upadhyay et al, 2012), applicable to higher concentrations of the drug (Shamsa and Amani, 2006) or long time for the reaction to complete (Siddappa et al, 2011), In the present study, a new coupling agent is employed to develop a simple, sensitive and inexpensive spectro-photometric method for the assay of SMX in both pure and in its dosage forms. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of SMX with equimolar of sodium nitrite in acid medium; the formed diazonium ion is then coupled with 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid in sodium hydroxide medium to form a yellow water soluble azo dye.…”

Dispersive solid-phase extraction based on butylamide silica for the determination of sulfamethoxazole in milk samples by capillary electrophoresis

“…[3][4][5][6] The sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a sulfonamide commonly administered in animals and humans. As a result, several methodologies for the analysis of SMX residues have been developed, including spectroscopic, [7] electrochemical, [8] or separation techniques based on capillary electrophoresis [9] and highperformance liquid chromatography. [10] On the other hand, pretreatment of milk samples represents a challenge during the development of an analytical methodology for the determination of antibiotic residues.…”

Spectrophotometric Assay of Sulphamethoxazole in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by Diazotization and Coupling Reaction

“…Many UV-Visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of SMX. Most of them included diazotization of SMX and then coupling with different coupling agents such as phloroglucinol (Upadhyay et al, 2012), 3-aminophenol (Nagaraja et al, 2007), pyrogallol (Othman, 2005), 2-Naphthol (Shamsa and Amani, 2006), 1-naphthol (Sinan and Al-Uzri, 2011), 8-hydroxyquinoline (Nagaraja et al, 2007), tropaeolin O (Boiko et al, 2011) and resorcinol (Vijaya Raja et al, 2008). Other methods were either based on the formation of charge transfer complex with phenosafranine (Al-Attas, 2003) or Schiff's base reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (Siddappa et al, 2011).…”

“…Other methods were either based on the formation of charge transfer complex with phenosafranine (Al-Attas, 2003) or Schiff's base reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (Siddappa et al, 2011). Some of these methods suffer from various limitations for example, low stability of the colored product formed, others required heating or extraction (Upadhyay et al, 2012), long time for the reaction to complete (Siddappa et al, 2011), laborious (Al-Attas, 2003), applicable to higher conc-entrations of the drug (Shamsa and Amani, 2006), or not sensitive (Boiko et al, 2011).…”