Sensitivity and specificity of piroplasm indirect fluorescent antibody test and PCR for Theileria annulata infection in clinically asymptomatic large ruminants using Bayesian latent class analysis

Damaty, Hend M. El; Yousef, Sarah G.; Mahmmod, Yasser S.; El-Balkemy, F.A.; Mweu, Marshal M.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100563

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“… * [ 62 ] ¶ [ 63 , 64 ] Theileria sp . * [ 33 , 45 , 46 , 67 , 75 ] ¶ [ 49 ] * [ 36 , 43 , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , 46 , 81 , 82 , 47 , 51 , 63 , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] ] ¶ [ 49 , 83 ] ⁑ [ 61 ] Theileria annulata, Theileria equi, Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria ovis Anaplasma sp. * [ 33 , 46 , 75 , 89 , 90 , 95 ] * [ 33 , 34 , 85 , 87 , 88 , 91 , 93 , 37 , [40] , [41] , [42] , ...…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“… Cattle, humans, rodents ND Cairo, Menofia, Qena, Sinai [ [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] ] Hepatozoonosis Hepatozoon canis Dogs ND Cairo, Giza [ 63 , 64 ] Hepatozoon sp. Rodents ND Sinai [ 62 ] Theileriosis Theileria annulata Buffaloes, camels, cattle, sheep Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma excavatum Aswan, Beheira, Benisuef, Dakahlia, Elminia, Fayoum, Giza, Menofia, New valley, Port Said, Qena, Qualyobia, Sharkia, Sohag [ 33 , 36 , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , 43 , 46 , 47 , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] ] Theileria ovis Buffaloes, camel, cattle, equines, goats, sheep ND Aswan, Beheira, Benisuef, Cairo, Giza, Menofia, New valley, Qualyobia, Sinai [ 46 , 49 , 66 , 70 , 72 , [75] , [76] , [77] ] Theileria equi Donkey, horses, mules Rhipicephalus annulatus Alexandria, Benisuef, Cairo, Fayoum, Giza, Ismailia, Matrouh, Menofia [ 51 , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective

Abdelbaset

Nonaka

2022

One Health

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective

Abdelbaset

Nonaka

2022

One Health

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“…In this study, IFAT was used to determine T. annulata seroprevalence. However, an important limitation of this study is the IFAT diagnostic accuracy ( 65 ) and cross-reactivity with other Theileria spp. However, to the author's knowledge, there is no published data on other Theileria spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of tropical theileriosis in smallholder asymptomatic large ruminants in Egypt

et al. 2022

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Knowledge of the prevalence and epidemiological determinants of tropical theileriosis in large ruminants, particularly in the asymptomatic carrier, is crucial for designing and implementing effective host-specific control measures. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of tropical theileriosis in asymptomatic cattle and water buffaloes and identify the potential risk factors of theileriosis in large ruminants raised under smallholder-production system in Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of the Sharkia governorate from March 2019 to February 2020. In total, 350 serum samples were collected from cattle and water buffaloes under smallholder-production system and tested for Theileria annulata antibodies using the indirect antibody fluorescence test (IFAT). Data on species, host characteristics, presence of ticks, season, and districts were collected at sampling using a questionnaire. A multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model was built to determine the potential risk factors associated with T. annulate seropositivity of the animals. The overall apparent seroprevalence of T. annulata in 350 tested animals was 70%. In the univariable analyses, cattle compared to buffaloes, younger animals compared to older ones, animals with ticks on their bodies, and warmer seasons were all associated with a higher likelihood of seropositive results in the study population while sex of the animals was not associated with seropositivity. The final multivariable model showed that animals with ticks on their bodies had 3.5× higher odds of seropositivity than those with no ticks (P < 0.001), and warmer seasons were associated with the higher odds of infection compared to winter (P = 0.003). The high seroprevalence of tropical theileriosis in the study region indicates that the disease is endemic among smallholders of large ruminants. The identified risk factors of T. annulata-seropositivity in asymptomatic carrier animals provides evidence-based guidance for adopting effective intervention measures.

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“…This method can be also used to estimate the degree of parasitemia, but it is only possible when the number of infected erythrocytes is high. Finally, the Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT: Sensitivity (Se)—71%; Specificity (Sp)—93% [ 48 ]), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA: Se—93.5%; Sp—93.5% [ 49 ]), and latex agglutination test can be performed [ 13 , 47 ]. These are serological methods which have a higher sensitivity compared to traditional methods.…”

Section: Bovine Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specificity is relatively good, but generally lower than that of molecular methods. Molecular methods can overcome this limitation, in particular polymerase chain reaction (PCR: Se—83%; Sp—93% [ 48 ]), reverse line transfer hybridization assay (RLB), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), real-time/quantitative PCR (qPCR: Se—97.1%; Sp—97.4% [ 50 ]) using hydrolysis probes, and multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR: Se—98%; Sp—98.9% [ 50 ]) assays. Thus, molecular methods have greater specificity and sensitivity than traditional and serological methods, allowing the detection, characterization, differentiation, and quantification of different species of Theileria spp.…”

Section: Bovine Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Resistance of Bovines to Theileriosis

Valente

Gomes

Coelho

et al. 2022

Animals

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Diseases caused by ticks have a high impact on the health, welfare, and productivity of livestock species. They are also an important cause of economic losses in farms worldwide. An example of such diseases is theileriosis, which can be controlled by drugs or vaccines, although these are not fully efficient. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative and more sustainable and efficient complementary strategies. These may involve the identification and selection of animals more resistant to the disease. Several previous studies have identified significant differences in resistance between different breeds, with resistant breeds typically identified as those native to the region where they are being studied, and susceptible as those from exotic breeds. These studies have indicated that resistance traits are intrinsically related to the modulation of the immune response to infection. This review aims to systematize the general knowledge about theileriosis, emphasize resistance to this disease as a sustainable control strategy, and identify which traits of resistance to the disease are already known in cattle.

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Sensitivity and specificity of piroplasm indirect fluorescent antibody test and PCR for Theileria annulata infection in clinically asymptomatic large ruminants using Bayesian latent class analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective

Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective

Seroprevalence and risk factors of tropical theileriosis in smallholder asymptomatic large ruminants in Egypt

Genetic Resistance of Bovines to Theileriosis

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