Sensitivity of a green alga to atrazine is not enhanced by previous acute exposure

Baxter, Leilan; Brain, Richard A.; Prosser, Ryan S.; Solomon, Keith R.; Hanson, Mark L.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.019

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar trends in algal responses were observed in Baxter et al [48], where the 72-h EC10 for growth rate of P. subcapitata (27 mg L À1 ) exceeded that for PSII yield (13 mg L À1 ). in our study was significantly reduced in 96-h exposures as low as 11 mg L À1 (a concentration and duration that is commonly considered to be within environmentally relevant ranges), growth rate and optical density were not significantly impacted below 102 mg L À1 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For example, we have previously observed full recovery of growth metrics and PSII yield of P. subcapitata within 24 h in untreated media after treatment at up to 300 mg L À1 [48], and Vallotton et al [24] reported recovery of growth and PSII yield in S. vacuolatus within 5 h after exposures up to 510 mg L À1 . For example, we have previously observed full recovery of growth metrics and PSII yield of P. subcapitata within 24 h in untreated media after treatment at up to 300 mg L À1 [48], and Vallotton et al [24] reported recovery of growth and PSII yield in S. vacuolatus within 5 h after exposures up to 510 mg L À1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Response of the green alga Oophila sp., a salamander endosymbiont, to a PSII‐inhibitor under laboratory conditions

Baxter

Brain

Rodríguez‐Gil

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In a rare example of autotroph-vertebrate endosymbiosis, eggs of the yellow-spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) are colonized by a green alga (Oophila sp.) that significantly enhances salamander development. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for impacts to the salamander embryo when growth of the algae is impaired by exposure to herbicides. To further investigate this relationship, the authors characterized the response of the symbiotic algae (Oophila sp.) alone to the photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor atrazine under controlled laboratory conditions. After extraction of the alga from A. maculatum eggs and optimization of culturing conditions, 4 toxicity assays (96 h each) were conducted. Recovery of the algal population was also assessed after a further 96 h in untreated media. Average median effective concentration (EC50) values of 123 µg L(-1) (PSII yield), 169 µg L(-1) (optical density), and 299 µg L(-1) (growth rate) were obtained after the 96-h exposure. Full recovery of exposed algal populations after 96 h in untreated media was observed for all endpoints, except for optical density at the greatest concentration tested (300 µg L(-1) ). Our results show that, under laboratory conditions, Oophila sp. is generally less sensitive to atrazine than standard test species. Although conditions of growth in standard toxicity tests are not identical to those in the natural environment, these results provide an understanding of the tolerance of this alga to PSII inhibitors as compared with other species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Response of the green alga Oophila sp., a salamander endosymbiont, to a PSII‐inhibitor under laboratory conditions

Baxter

Brain

Rodríguez‐Gil

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…As a result, differences in yield of PSII may be statistically significant but not ecologically relevant. Recovery-phase results are consistent with previous reports for other species, including Scenedesmus vacuolatus (Vallotton et al, 2008), P. subcapitata (Baxter et al, 2013), Anabaena flos-aquae and Navicula pelliculosa (Brain et al, 2012), as well as periphyton . As demonstrated by rapid rates of recovery, atrazine is typically considered to be algistatic rather than algicidal (Hull, 1967;Brain et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of atrazine on egg masses of the yellow-spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and its endosymbiotic alga (Oophila amblystomatis)

Baxter

Brain

Hosmer

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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“…Rapid recovery of algae has also been reported for photosynthesis inhibitors other than atrazine 67,68 Reversibility and possibility to re-use immobilized algal cells for toxicity tests were shown for atrazine and other triazine herbicides (e.g., simazine, propazine, terbuthylazine) as well as urea based herbicides (e.g., isoproturon, diuron, linuron). 3,39,59 By contrast, the phenolic herbicide dinitro-o-cerosol (DNOC) produced irreversible damage to C. vulgaris cells due to uncoupling effects of oxidative phosphorylation in addition to the inhibition of PSII electron transport.…”

Section: Toxicity Testing Using Pam Uorometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alginate/silica hybrid materials for immobilization of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris for cell-based sensor arrays

Pannier

Soltmann

et al. 2014

J. Mater. Chem. B

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Thin layers and patterned dot arrays of sodium alginate containing living microalgal cells were deposited onto glass carriers which were subsequently gelled using amino-functionalized silica sol to obtain reinforced alginate hydrogels. The resulting alginate/silica hybrid materials showed improved stability in salt-containing solutions compared to alginate gels gelled by traditional methods using Ca 2+ -ions. Cell arrays were patterned by printing nanolitre-scale drops of sodium alginate/cell suspension using a noncontact micro-dosage system which allows the printing of solutions of high viscosity. Cultures of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris were immobilized within the newly developed alginate/silica hydrogels in order to demonstrate the potential of the hybrid matrix for the design of cell-based detection systems. The herbicide atrazine as well as copper ions have been used as model toxicants.Short-term toxicity tests (exposure time: 1 h) have been carried out using atrazine and changes in chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence were measured by imaging pulse amplitude modulated-fluorometry (Imaging-PAM). C. vulgaris cells immobilized within alginate/silica hydrogels demonstrated a highly reproducible response pattern and compared well to freely suspended cells. Activity and response sensitivity of immobilized cells to atrazine was largely maintained for up to 8 weeks, especially when stored under cool conditions in the dark. Furthermore, immobilized cells could be repeatingly used for short-term toxicity tests as atrazine produces a reversible inhibition of photosynthesis.

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Sensitivity of a green alga to atrazine is not enhanced by previous acute exposure

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Response of the green alga Oophila sp., a salamander endosymbiont, to a PSII‐inhibitor under laboratory conditions

Response of the green alga Oophila sp., a salamander endosymbiont, to a PSII‐inhibitor under laboratory conditions

Effects of atrazine on egg masses of the yellow-spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and its endosymbiotic alga (Oophila amblystomatis)

Alginate/silica hybrid materials for immobilization of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris for cell-based sensor arrays

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