“…The evolution of gravitational-wave detectors can be seen by following their development from prototypes and early observing systems towards the so-called 'Advanced detectors', which are currently under construction, or in the case of Advanced LIGO, in the first phase of scientific observing (as of late 2015). Starting from the simplest Michelson interferometer [68], then by the application of techniques to increase the number of photons stored in the arms: delay lines [90], Fabry-Perot arm cavities [66,67] and power recycling [26,61]. The final step in the development of classical interferometry was the inclusion of signal recycling [117,89], which, among other effects, allows the signal from a gravitational-wave signal of approximately-known spectrum to be enhanced above the noise.…”