Sensitivity of Ribonucleic Acid and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Viruses to Different Species of Interferon in Cell Cultures

Youngner, Julius S.; Thacore, Harshad R.; Kelly, Marion E.

doi:10.1128/jvi.10.2.171-178.1972

Cited by 66 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A plaque-p d e d preparation of VSV (Indiana serotype) was maintained for determination of antiviral state and IFN titration. Antiviral state was measured by infecting control and IFN-treated cells with VSV at an input multiplicity of infection (moi) of ten plaque-forming units (pfu) per cell; virus yield (pfdml) was quantitated by plaque assay in L-929 cells according to methods we have previously described (Youngner et al, 1972). Results are reported as mean (?…”

Section: L-tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone analogues potentiate the antiviral action of interferon-γ by two mechanisms

et al. 1996

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L-thyroxine (L-T4) potentiates the antiviral activity of human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in HeLa cells. We have added thyroid hormone and analogues to cells either 1) for 24 h pretreatment prior to 24 h of IFN-gamma (1.0 IU/ml), 2) for 24 h cotreatment with IFN-gamma, 3) for 4, after 20 h cell incubation with IFN-gamma, alone, or 4) for 24 h pretreatment and 24 h cotreatment with IFN-gamma. The antiviral effect of IFN-gamma was then assayed. L-T4 potentiated the antiviral action of IFN-gamma by a reduction in virus yield of more than two logs, the equivalent of a more than 100-fold potentiation of the IFN's antiviral effect. 3,3 of the IFN's antiviral effect. 3,3',5-L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) was as effective as L-T4 when coincubated for 24 h with IFN-gamma but was less effective than L-T4 when coincubated for only 4 h. D-T4, D-T3, 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid (triac), tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), and 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2) were inactive. When preincubated with L-T4 for 24 h prior to IFN-gamma treatment, tetrac blocked L-T4 potentiation, but, when coincubated with L-T4 for 4 h after 20 h IFN-gamma, tetrac did not inhibit the L-T4 effect. 3,3',5-L-triiodothyronine (rT3) also potentiated the antiviral action of IFN-gamma, but only in the preincubation model. Furthermore, the effects of rT3 preincubation and L-T3 coincubation were additive, resulting in 100-fold potentiation of the IFN-gamma effect. When L-T4, L-T3, or rT3, plus cycloheximide (5 micrograms/ml), was added to cells for 24 h and then removed prior to 24 h IFN-gamma exposure, the potentiating effect of the three iodothyronines was completely inhibited. In contrast, IFN-gamma potentiation by 4 h of L-T4 or L-T3 coincubation was not inhibited by cycloheximide (25 micrograms/ml). These studies demonstrate two mechanisms by which thyroid hormones can potentiate IFN-gamma's effect: 1) a protein synthesis-dependent mechanism evidenced by enhancement of IFN-gamma's antiviral action by L-T4, L-T3, or rT3 preincubation, and inhibition of enhancement by tetrac and cycloheximide, and 2) a protein synthesis-independent (posttranslational) mechanism, not inhibited by tetrac or cycloheximide, demonstrated by 4 h coincubation of L-T4 or L-T3, but not rT3, with IFN-gamma. The protein synthesis-dependent pathway is responsive to rT3, a thyroid hormone analogue generally thought to have little effect on protein synthesis. A posttranslational mechanism by which the antiviral action of IFN-gamma can be regulated has not previously been described.

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Section: L-tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone analogues potentiate the antiviral action of interferon-γ by two mechanisms

et al. 1996

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“…A product of 2',5'-oligoisoadenylate synthetase activates an endoribonuclease, thereby leading to the increased degradation of viral mRNAs (27,71,256,395); this process may be inhibited by virusinduced ATPase and phosphatase or inhibition of the endoribonuclease (147,353,398). Additional support for the existence of virus genes which modify the antiviral effects of interferon came from the studies of Youngner et al (519), who showed that prior infection of RK-13 cells with vaccinia virus was able to partially reverse the interferon-mediated inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication. The biological significance of these observations to a natural poxvirus infection is self-evident (see the subsection on interferons in Nonspecific Host Responses to Infection, below).…”

Section: Inhibition Of Host Defense Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poxvirus pathogenesis.

Buller

Palumbo

1991

Microbiological Reviews

293

163

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Marchal (285) and Downie (126) bodies, respectively. Because of the ambiguity associated with describing structures solely on the basis of their reaction with various histochemical stains, Kato et al. (253) carefully examined the virusspecific cytoplasmic structures of a large number of poxvirus species and, using a criterion based on morphologic observations, histochemical staining, and immunochemical reactivity, suggested that the acidophilic and basophilic inclusion bodies be referred to as A-and B-type inclusion bodies, respectively. Under the auspices of a Poxvirus Subcommittee created at the Sixth International Congress for Microbiology in 1953, Fenner and Burnet (161) wrote a review which summarized the characteristics of the poxvirus group. This article remains the basis for the subsequent classification of poxviruses. The poxvirus family is divided into two subfamilies: Entomopoxvirinae (poxviruses of the insects) and Chordopoxvirinae (poxviruses of the vertebrates); the latter group of viruses is the focus of this review (Table 1). The vertebrate poxviruses share a group-specific NP antigen (511) and are able, in a reciprocal fashion, to participate in nongenetic reactivation (160, 168). This is a process whereby an infectious poxvirus is able to reactivate a second, heatinactivated poxvirus, as indicated by the production of progeny virus. Poxviruses were further classified into genera by comparing cross-protection in animal studies, crossneutralization of infectivity in tissue culture, and crosshybridization of genomic DNA from virions. This latter criterion is now the method of choice for preliminary classification of poxvirus isolates. In general, members of the same genera have similar morphology and biological properties. Virion Morphology Poxviruses are the largest of all animal viruses and can be visualized by light microscopy, although the details of the

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“…These involvements could also explain the findings that in vitro sensitivities of a virus to interferon (antiviral) actions does not necessarily correlate with the in vivo sensitivities of the virus to interferon actions. Vaccinia virus, which is quite resistant to interferon action in rabbit cell cultures Youngner et al, 1972), was found to be affected by rabbit interferon in rabbit skin (Isaacs and Westwood, 1959b) and rabbit eyes (Cantell and Tommfla, 1960;Oh and Yoneda, 1969). Herpesvirus is quite insensitive to interferon in many in vitro systems, but appears to be very sensitive in the eye.…”

Section: Interferon Mechanisms and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%