Sensitivity of Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) to downscaling of reanalysis forcing data

Kokkonen, Tom; Grimmond, Sue; Räty, Olle; Ward, Helen C.; Christen, Andreas; Oke, T. R.; Kotthaus, Simone; Järvi, Leena

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2017.05.001

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Also, impact of infiltration rate was studied (Ward et al, ), where ±50% variation of infiltration caused bias up to 3% and 2% in E and R , respectively. Similarly, the sensitivity of SUEWS to WATCH reanalysis forcing data has been evaluated in Vancouver (Kokkonen et al, ) showing SUEWS to be the most sensitive to precipitation and incoming solar radiation. Similar results of SUEWS sensitivity to input variables have been found in other studies (Alexander et al, ; Ward & Grimmond, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Model parameters are given in Tables S1–S4. The model is run using interpolated and corrected 1‐hr data (Kokkonen et al, ; see section 2.3.1) and within the model linearly interpolated to the 5‐min time step used. The assumption of equal subhourly rainfall intensity is removed in V2017a of SUEWS with more realistic disaggregation method (Ward et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming the within-day temporal variation of precipitation to be captured by the WATCH forcing data and hourly precipitation intensities to have similar biases within a day. Using these corrections, the WATCH reanalysis data have shown to give reasonable SUEWS model performance at the studied sites in Vancouver (Kokkonen et al, 2018). Due to the corrections needed to the WATCH data, additional periods outside the actual modeling period are needed to avoid interpolation errors and missing data at the beginning and at the end of the time series.…”

Section: Watch Forcing Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes to the Water Balance Over a Century of Urban Development in Two Neighborhoods: Vancouver, Canada

Kokkonen

Grimmond

Christen

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Hydrological cycles of two suburban neighborhoods in Vancouver, BC, during initial urban development and subsequent urban densification (1920–2010) are examined using the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme. The two neighborhoods have different surface characteristics (as determined from aerial photographs) which impact the hydrological processes. Unlike previous studies of the effect of urbanization on the local hydrology, densification of already built lots is explored with a focus on the neighborhood scale. Human behavioral changes to irrigation are accounted for in the simulations. Irrigation is the dominant factor, accounting for up to 56% of the water input on an annual basis in the study areas. This may surpass garden needs and go to runoff. Irrigating once a week would provide sufficient water for the garden. Without irrigation, evaporation would have decreased over the 91 years at a rate of up to 1.4 mm/year and runoff increased at 4.0 mm/year with the increase in impervious cover. Similarly without irrigation, the ratio of sensible heat flux to the available energy would have increased over the 91 years at a rate of up to 0.003 per year. Urbanization and densification cause an increase in runoff and increase risk of surface flooding. Small daily runoff events with short return periods have increased over the century, whereas the occurrence of heavy daily runoff events (return period > 52 days) are not affected. The results can help us to understand the dominant factors in the suburban hydrological cycle and can inform urban planning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Watch Forcing Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes to the Water Balance Over a Century of Urban Development in Two Neighborhoods: Vancouver, Canada

Kokkonen

Grimmond

Christen

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

Self Cite

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“…The advantage of SUEWS when compared to other urban land surface schemes is that it contains a parameterization for downward long‐wave radiation (Loridan et al, ), and it does not have separate tiles for urban and vegetation surface fractions, but rather a dynamic interaction between the surface types is allowed. SUEWS has demonstrated good performance against hydrological observations, and EC‐measured turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes in several cities in Europe, North America, and Asia (e.g., Alexander et al, ; Ao et al, ; Järvi et al, , ; Kokkonen et al, , ; Ward et al, ).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Modeling of Local‐Scale Biogenic and Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Helsinki

et al. 2019

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There is a growing need to simulate the effect of urban planning on both local climate and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, a new urban surface carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux module for the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme is described and evaluated using eddy covariance observations at two sites in Helsinki in 2012. The spatial variability and magnitude of local-scale anthropogenic and biogenic CO 2 flux components at high spatial (250 m × 250 m) and temporal (hourly) resolution are examined by combining high-resolution (down to 2 m) airborne lidar-derived land use data and mobility data to account for people's movement. Urban effects are included in the biogenic components parameterized using urban eddy covariance and chamber observations. Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme reproduces the seasonal and diurnal variability of the CO 2 flux well. Annual totals deviate 3% from observations in the city center and 2% in a suburban location. In the latter, traffic is the dominant CO 2 source but summertime vegetation partly offsets traffic-related emissions. In the city center, emissions from traffic and human metabolism dominate and the vegetation effect is minor due to the low proportion of vegetation surface cover (22%). Within central Helsinki, human metabolism accounts for 39% of the net local-scale emissions and together with road traffic is to a large extent responsible for the spatial variability of the emissions. Annually, the biogenic emissions and sinks are in near balance and thus the effect of vegetation on the carbon balance is small in this high-latitude city.

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“…In recent decades rapid economic development and the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization have led to many environmental problems in China, such as increased atmospheric aerosol concentrations, water pollution, and soil contamination (e.g. Kulmala, 2015;Liao et al, 2015;Shao et al, 2006;Sun et al, 2014;Xia et al, 2011). As a consequence of urbanization and industrialization, north-east China is one of the most populated and polluted areas in the world (HEI International Scientific Oversight Committee, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the radiative effect of haze on the urban hydrological cycle using reanalysis data in Beijing

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Although increased aerosol concentration modifies local air temperatures and boundary layer structure in urban areas, little is known about its effects on the urban hydrological cycle. Changes in the hydrological cycle modify surface runoff and flooding. Furthermore, as runoff commonly transports pollutants to soil and water, any changes impact urban soil and aquatic environments. To explore the radiative effect of haze on changes in the urban surface water balance in Beijing, different haze levels are modelled using the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS), forced by reanalysis data. The pollution levels are classified using aerosol optical depth observations. The secondary aims are to examine the usability of a global reanalysis dataset in a highly polluted environment and the SUEWS model performance. We show that the reanalysis data do not include the attenuating effect of haze on incoming solar radiation and develop a correction method. Using these corrected data, SUEWS simulates measured eddy covariance heat fluxes well. Both surface runoff and drainage increase with severe haze levels, particularly with low precipitation rates: runoff from 0.06 to 0.18 mm d−1 and drainage from 0.43 to 0.62 mm d−1 during fairly clean to extremely polluted conditions, respectively. Considering all precipitation events, runoff rates are higher during extremely polluted conditions than cleaner conditions, but as the cleanest conditions have high precipitation rates, they induce the largest runoff. Thus, the haze radiative effect is unlikely to modify flash flooding likelihood. However, flushing pollutants from surfaces may increase pollutant loads in urban water bodies.

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Sensitivity of Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) to downscaling of reanalysis forcing data

Cited by 30 publications

References 55 publications

Changes to the Water Balance Over a Century of Urban Development in Two Neighborhoods: Vancouver, Canada

Changes to the Water Balance Over a Century of Urban Development in Two Neighborhoods: Vancouver, Canada

Spatial Modeling of Local‐Scale Biogenic and Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Helsinki

Simulation of the radiative effect of haze on the urban hydrological cycle using reanalysis data in Beijing

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