Sensor properties of a robust giant magnetoresistance material system at elevated temperatures

Lenssen, K.-M.H.; Kuiper, Aet Ton; Broek, van den Jj; Rijt, van der Raf; Loon, van Am

doi:10.1063/1.372804

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since spin-valves often have fairly large temperature coefficients (hundreds to thousands of PPM/°C) (Daughton and Chen 1993; Lenssen et al 2000) and experience large temperature swings from the chemical and biological solutions placed on the sensors (up to 30°C swings are possible), the temperature signals can easily be much larger than the small signal from MNPs being sensed. To correct for this temperature dependence in the TIA architecture, we designed an algorithm that uses the carrier tone to monitor the relative temperature change and applies a correction factor to the side tones (Hall et al 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GMR biosensor arrays: A system perspective

Hall¹,

Gaster²,

Lin³

et al. 2010

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

153

121

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Giant magnetoresistive biosensors are becoming more prevalent for sensitive, quantifiable biomolecular detection. However, in order for magnetic biosensing to become competitive with current optical protein microarray technology, there is a need to increase the number of sensors while maintaining the high sensitivity and fast readout time characteristic of smaller arrays (1 – 8 sensors). In this paper, we present a circuit architecture scalable for larger sensor arrays (64 individually addressable sensors) while maintaining a high readout rate (scanning the entire array in less than 4 seconds). The system utilizes both time domain multiplexing and frequency domain multiplexing in order to achieve this scan rate. For the implementation, we propose a new circuit architecture that does not use a classical Wheatstone bridge to measure the small change in resistance of the sensor. Instead, an architecture designed around a transimpedance amplifier is employed. A detailed analysis of this architecture including the noise, distortion, and potential sources of errors is presented, followed by a global optimization strategy for the entire system comprising the magnetic tags, sensors, and interface electronics. To demonstrate the sensitivity, quantifiable detection of two blindly spiked samples of unknown concentrations has been performed at concentrations below the limit of detection for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lastly, the multipexability and reproducibility of the system was demonstrated by simultaneously monitoring sensors functionalized with three unique proteins at different concentrations in real-time.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GMR biosensor arrays: A system perspective

Hall¹,

Gaster²,

Lin³

et al. 2010

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

153

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Spin-valves, like most sensors, exhibit temperature dependence and have fairly large temperature coefficients (TC), hundreds to thousands of PPM/°C for both the resistive and the magnetoresistive components (Daughton and Chen 1993; Lenssen et al 2000). Even small temperature fluctuations can easily induce responses larger than the signal due to the magnetic tags.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GMR biosensor arrays: Correction techniques for reproducibility and enhanced sensitivity

Hall

Gaster

Osterfeld

et al. 2010

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Giant magnetoresistive biosensors possess great potential in biomedical applications for quantitatively detecting magnetically tagged biomolecules. Magnetic sensing does not suffer from the high background levels found in optical sensing modalities such as the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay translating into a technology with higher sensitivity. However, to reveal the full potential of these sensors and compensate for non-idealities such as temperature dependence, digital correction and calibration techniques are not only useful but imperative. Using these calibration techniques to correct for process variations and dynamic changes in the sensing environment (such as temperature and magnetic field), we are able to obtain extremely sensitive and, more importantly, reproducible results for quantifiable biomolecular reorganization. The reproducibility of the system was improved by over 3× using digital correction techniques and the sensors are made temperature independent by using a novel background correction technique.

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“…For example, (1.5–10 μm) × (200–750 nm) sensors used to demonstrate sensing of clusters (hundreds down to several dozens) of 16–50 nm Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles utilize Wheatstone bridge to enable ultra-high resolution resistance measurements (0.001% or 10 PPM) [ 11 , 12 , 16 , 18 , 24 ]. While clearly remarkable, it is not clear if the reported sensitivity can be reliably maintained in real-life point-of-care applications since, for example, small temperature fluctuations across the Wheatstone bridge can lead to a substantial deterioration of the resistivity measurement precision [ 25 ]. The potential of scaling down the sensor size and exploring different sensing modalities leaves ample opportunity for further technology advancement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Magnetic Nanoparticle Detector for Biosensor Applications

Liang

Chang

Qiu

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Ta/Ru/Co/Ru/Co/Cu/Co/Ni80Fe20/Ta spin-valve giant magnetoresistive (GMR) multilayers were deposited using UHV magnetron sputtering and optimized to achieve a 13% GMR ratio before patterning. The GMR multilayer was patterned into 12 sensor arrays using a combination of e-beam and optical lithographies. Arrays were constructed with 400 nm × 400 nm and 400 nm × 200 nm sensors for the detection of reporter nanoparticles. Nanoparticle detection was based on measuring the shift in high-to-low resistance switching field of the GMR sensors in the presence of magnetic particle(s). Due to shape anisotropy and the corresponding demag field, the resistance state switching fields were significantly larger and the switching field distribution significantly broader in the 400 nm × 200 nm sensors as compared to the 400 nm × 400 nm sensors. Thus, sensor arrays with 400 nm × 400 nm dimensions were used for the demonstration of particle detection. Detection of a single 225 nm Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle and a small number (~10) of 100 nm nanoparticles was demonstrated. With appropriate functionalization for biomolecular recognition, submicron GMR sensor arrays can serve as the basis of ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensors.

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Sensor properties of a robust giant magnetoresistance material system at elevated temperatures

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

GMR biosensor arrays: A system perspective

GMR biosensor arrays: A system perspective

GMR biosensor arrays: Correction techniques for reproducibility and enhanced sensitivity

Ultrasensitive Magnetic Nanoparticle Detector for Biosensor Applications

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