Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Abstract

Modern society faces serious problems with transportation systems, including but not limited to traffic congestion, safety, and pollution. Information communication technologies have gained increasing attention and importance in modern transportation systems. Automotive manufacturers are developing in-vehicle sensors and their applications in different areas including safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Government institutions are implementing roadside infrastructures such as cameras and sensors to collect data about environmental and traffic conditions. By seamlessly integrating vehicles and sensing devices, their sensing and communication capabilities can be leveraged to achieve smart and intelligent transportation systems. We discuss how sensor technology can be integrated with the transportation infrastructure to achieve a sustainable Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and how safety, traffic control and infotainment applications can benefit from multiple sensors deployed in different elements of an ITS. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed to enable a fully operational and cooperative ITS environment.

Beyond 5G Wireless IRT for Industry 4.0: Design Principles and Spectrum Aspects

“…We expect a WIRT cell to support a number of nodes (sensors/actuators) ranging from 20 to 200. The latter number represents a reasonable estimate for the number of sensors in a "smart" vehicle in the near future [8]. Obviously, not all the links necessitate to cope with the minimum latency.…”

The Channel as a Traffic Sensor: Vehicle Detection and Classification Based on Radio Fingerprinting

“…A summary about well established sensor systems (e.g., Inductive Loop Detectors (ILDs) and Weigh in Motion (WIM)) used by the FHWA is provided by [9]. More research-oriented summaries of existing systems and open research directions are given in [13] and [14]. Although the following literature analysis focuses on comparing the resulting classification accuracy of different sensor systems, an important prerequirement is the capability for detecting vehicles entering the area covered by the systems.…”

“…Intrusive systems form the classic approach for measuring traffic indicators at strategic locations on the pavement surfaces [14]. As the installation and maintenance requires heavy roadwork, the involved costs are very high, which makes those systems not suitable for large-scale deployments.…”

System-of-Systems Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Vehicular Traffic

“…A multitude of different sensor types for vehicle classification has been proposed, which ranges from vision-based approaches using cameras, radars and lasers to inertial measuring units. A comprehensive overview about existing sensor technologies is presented in [9]. However, none of the existing technologies is able to fulfill all requirements for accuracy, privacy preservation, weather robustness while still being cost-efficiently enough to allow citywide large-scale deployments.…”