Sensorimotor dysfunction in a mild mouse model of cortical contusion injury without significant neuronal loss is associated with increases in inflammatory proteins with innate but not adaptive immune functions

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Acute trauma to the brain triggers chronic secondary injury mechanisms that contribute to long-term neurological impairment. We have developed a single, unilateral contusion injury model of sensorimotor dysfunction in adult mice. By targeting a topographically defined neurological circuit with a mild impact, we are able to track sustained behavioral deficits in sensorimotor function in the absence of tissue cavitation or neuronal loss in the contused cortex of these mice. Stereological histopathology and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay proteomic screening confirm contusion resulted in chronic gliosis and the robust expression of innate immune cytokines and monocyte attractant chemokines IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, TNFα, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL10, CCL2, and CCL3 in the contused cortex. In contrast, the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins with adaptive immune functions was not significantly modulated by injury. Our data support widespread activation of innate but not adaptive immune responses, confirming an association between sensorimotor dysfunction with innate immune activation in the absence of tissue or neuronal loss in our mice.

Pathogenic Characterization of a Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Isolate from Heilongjiang, China

“…In our study, the outcome of PCV3 inoculation to CDCD piglets indicates PCV3 infection cannot induce obvious clinical symptoms and pathological changes. The appearance of clinical symptoms and the severity of the disease may be affected by the immune status of pigs [ 38 , 39 ], stress factors that cause systemic inflammation [ 40 , 41 ], or coinfection with other pig pathogens [ 42 , 43 ]. The cumulative results in our study demonstrated that PCV3 trend to low pathogenicity.…”