Sensors for Lung Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

The positive outcome of lung cancer treatment is strongly related to the earliness of the diagnosis. Thus, there is a strong requirement for technologies that could provide an early detection of cancer. The concept of early diagnosis is immediately extended to large population screening, and then, it is strongly related to non-invasiveness and low cost. Sensor technology takes advantage of the microelectronics revolution, and then, it promises to develop devices sufficiently sensitive to detect lung cancer biomarkers. A number of biosensors for the detection of cancer-related proteins have been demonstrated in recent years. At the same time, the interest is growing towards the analysis of volatile metabolites that could be measured directly from the breath. In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art of biosensors and volatile compound sensors is presented.

Using apelin-based synthetic Notch receptors to detect angiogenesis and treat solid tumors

“…A considerable number of patients diagnosed with cancer have been successfully managed by surgical resection or radiation therapy 38 . However, a portion of lethal cancers (e.g., lung cancer) develop in an asymptomatic form, and by the time they are diagnosed, the disease is already at an advanced stage 39 . In this case, even when the tumors are resected, patients undergo biochemical recurrence, usually because conventional imaging fails to identify regional or distal tumors at the time of diagnosis 40 .…”

An Affordable Fabrication of a Zeolite-Based Capacitor for Gas Sensing

“…The composite layer is held together by a carbonic framework, resulting from the decomposition of the vegetable oil during the annealing process, with a strong adhesion on the substrate. In our recent studies, a nanoporous layer fabricated through spin-coating technique was investigated through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and SEM microanalysis, evidencing that no other contaminants besides those introduced by zeolite and thermal degradation of the oil are present [3,11,33]. One of the prerequisites for zeolite gas adsorption is the permeation of gas molecules through the Ni layer, whose mechanism is widely investigated in [44,45].…”

“…However, continuous efforts are devoted to the development of compact and low-impact sensors for volatile chemical species with improved sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, response, and recovery times [7]. To this end, a plethora of transduction phenomena (chemiresistive, capacitive, mass-sensitive, calorimetric, and optical) were investigated to propose various technological solutions for the analysis of complex matrices [8][9][10][11][12][13]. From the analytical point of view, different models were developed to propose a relationship among the number of adsorbed/desorbed molecules, their interactions, and the sensor response, such as the Langmuir and Wolkenstein's models [14][15][16].…”

“…However, the development of an ideal gas sensor is extremely difficult, and the lack of selectivity remains the major limitation. Therefore, the development of arrays of non-selective sensors, together with a dedicated signal analysis, was amply investigated to improve the overall performances, often in accordance with bio-inspired techniques (electronic nose) [11,17].…”

Neoteric Advances in Graphene Nanomaterial Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Diagnosis: A Review

“…Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancer forms and the second most prevalent cancer in adult men and women around the world [48]. Moreover, it is also the deadliest in both sexes, because a large part of the development of the disease may occur in an asymptomatic form, and the disease is typically manifested at advanced stages [12].…”