Separate and unequal: The influence of neighborhood and school characteristics on spatial proximity between fast food and schools

Kwate, Naa Oyo A.; Loh, Ji Meng

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.04.020

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Black and Hispanic children consume more SSB than their White peers (Lasater et al, 2011; Taveras et al, 2010) amplifying their risk of weight gain, obesity, (Malik et al, 2006; Ludwig et al, 2001) and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Malik et al, 2010). Fast food restaurants and convenience stores may provide access and drive consumption especially given the evidence that fast food outlets cluster disproportionately around schools (Babey et al, 2011; Austin et al, 2005; Kwate and Loh, 2010; Zenk and Powell, 2008) and particularly schools with high concentrations of low-income and racial/ethnic minority students. (Kwate and Loh, 2010; Kestens and Daniel, 2010).…”

Section: Introduction*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle school food environments and racial/ethnic differences in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: Findings from the Healthy Choices study

Richmond

Spadano-Gasbarro

Walls³

et al. 2013

Preventive Medicine

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Background Prior studies have demonstrated disproportionate clustering of fast food outlets around schools. Purpose To determine if racial/ethnic differences in middle school student self-reported sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is explained by differential distributions of food outlets surrounding their schools. Methods Baseline (2005) data were analyzed from 18,281 middle school students in 47 Massachusetts schools participating in Healthy Choices, an obesity prevention program. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the association of individual race/ethnicity and daily SSB consumption and the potential mediating effect of the density of food outlets (the number of fast food outlets and convenience stores in a 1500m buffer area surrounding the school) on this association adjusting for individual and school demographics. Results More SSB consumption was reported by students of all racial/ethnic minority groups compared to their White peers except Asians. The density of fast food restaurants and convenience stores was not associated with individual SSB consumption (β=0.001, p=0.875) nor did it mediate the association of race/ethnicity and SSB consumption. Conclusions Racial and ethnic differences in SSB consumption among MA middle school students cannot be fully explained by the location of fast food restaurants and convenience stores.

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Section: Introduction*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle school food environments and racial/ethnic differences in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: Findings from the Healthy Choices study

Richmond

Spadano-Gasbarro

Walls³

et al. 2013

Preventive Medicine

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show abstract

“…Secondary data are collected from external sources and include administrative data (census), commercial data (market survey companies), internet resources (Google Earth and Google 29 Day & Pearce (2011) 30 Kestens & Daniel (2010) 31 Kwate & Loh (2010) 32 Gebauer & Laska (2011) 33 Harris et al Presence of fast food restaurants (secondary data).…”

Section: Methodological Procedures Used In the Studies On Home And Scmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adolescent territorial autonomy may explain the higher number of fast food restaurants near high schools 32 . Buck et al 13 did not find a significant number of fast food restaurants near elementary schools, which are frequented by younger students.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the School Surroundings Food Intake Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of the built environment associated with obesity in children and adolescents: A narrative review

2015

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ObjectiveTo perform a narrative literature review to describe the availability of food retailers (groceries and eateries) and their association with obesity in schoolchildren and adolescents. MethodsThe review included studies published from 2003 to 2013 listed in three databases with data on the child's school and/or home surroundings. ResultsThere was a higher concentration of fast foods near the schools, especially high schools, public schools, or schools located in low-income regions. Moreover, children and adolescents living in areas further from convenience stores had better diets. ConclusionAcknowledging the relationship between built environment and obesity by establishing scientific evidence is necessary for developing specific strategies that help to control the spread of obesity in this age group, aiming to construct healthier spaces.

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“…Children from disadvantaged and racial/ethnic minority backgrounds are more likely to use active school transport than their White counterparts (Babey et al, 2009; Martin et al, 2007; McDonald, 2008), and schools attended by Black and Latino students tend to have a greater concentration of fast food outlets nearby compared to schools attended by mostly White children (Forsyth et al, 2012; Grier and Davis, 2013; Kwate and Loh, 2010; Sánchez et al, 2012; Sturm, 2008). Racial/ethnic differences in fast food environments near schools may lead to greater consumption of fast food among racial minority children who engage in active school transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active school transport and fast food intake: Are there racial and ethnic differences?

Sanchez‐Vaznaugh

Bécares

Sallis

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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Objectives To investigate whether active school transport was associated with fast food consumption, and to examine differences across racial/ethnic groups. Methods Adolescent data (n=3,194) from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey were analyzed with logistic regression models to examine the association between active school transport (AST) and fast food intake across racial/ethnic groups. Results In the overall sample, AST during 1–2 days in the past week was associated with greater likelihood of fast food intake (OR: 1.58; 95%CI: 1.03–2.43), compared with zero days of AST, controlling for demographic and other factors. The association between AST and fast food intake differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p<0.01). Among Latino adolescents, greater frequency of AST was significantly associated with greater likelihood of fast food intake (1–2 days OR, 2.37, 95%CI: 1.05–5.35; 3–4 days OR, 2.78, 95%CI: 1.04–7.43; 5 days OR, 2.20, 95%CI: 1.23–3.93). Among White and Asian adolescents, there was a curvilinear pattern: relative to adolescents who reported zero days of AST, those who did AST 1–2 days/week had greater likelihood of fast food intake, but AST of 3–4 days and 5 days/week was associated respectively, with higher and lower likelihood of fast food intake among both groups. Conclusions AST appears to be a risk factor for fast food intake, and may expose some ethnic groups more than others to increased opportunity to purchase and consume fast food. Programs and policies to promote AST among adolescents should incorporate efforts to encourage healthy eating and discourage concentration of fast food outlets near schools.

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Separate and unequal: The influence of neighborhood and school characteristics on spatial proximity between fast food and schools

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

Middle school food environments and racial/ethnic differences in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: Findings from the Healthy Choices study

Middle school food environments and racial/ethnic differences in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: Findings from the Healthy Choices study

Aspects of the built environment associated with obesity in children and adolescents: A narrative review

Active school transport and fast food intake: Are there racial and ethnic differences?

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