Separation/identification system for complex mixtures using mass separation and mass spectral characterization

McLafferty, Fred W.; Bockhoff, Frank M.

doi:10.1021/ac50023a021

Cited by 119 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As pioneered by the Cooks group (77,78), CAD also became known for its utility in quantitative analysis of targeted molecules in complex mixtures (77)(78)(79)(80). If the mass of the sought analyte's molecular ions is also produced by other mixture components, the CAD spectrum of that ion can still show the unique signature of the analyte and thereby provide selective quantitative analysis.…”

Section: Tandem Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Century of Progress in Molecular Mass Spectrometry

McLafferty

2011

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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The first mass spectrum of a molecule was measured by J.J. Thomson in 1910. Mass spectrometry (MS) soon became crucial to the study of isotopes and atomic weights and to the development of atomic weapons for World War II. Its notable applications to molecules began with the quantitative analysis of light hydrocarbons during World War II. When I joined the Dow Chemical Company in 1950, MS was not favored by organic chemists. This situation improved only with an increased understanding of gaseous ion chemistry, which was obtained through the use of extensive reference data. Gas chromatography–MS was developed in 1956, and tandem MS was first used a decade later. In neutralization-reionization MS, an unusual, unstable species is prepared by ion-beam neutralization and characterized by reionization. Electrospray ionization of a protein mixture produces its corresponding ionized molecules. In top-down proteomics, ions from an individual component can be mass separated and subjected to collision-activated and electron-capture dissociation to provide extensive sequence information.

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Section: Tandem Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Century of Progress in Molecular Mass Spectrometry

McLafferty

2011

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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“…MS/MS as an analytical technique was still in its infancy, with the research groups of Cooks and McLafferty at the forefront of the development [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. For all this early work, sector instruments were used exclusively and CID was performed at high kinetic energies.…”

Section: Beam-beam Hybrid Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid mass spectrometers for tandem mass spectrometry

Glish

Burinsky

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

106

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Mass spectrometers that use different types of analyzers for the first and second stages of mass analysis in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments are often referred to as "hybrid" mass spectrometers. The general goal in the design of a hybrid instrument is to combine different performance characteristics offered by various types of analyzers into one mass spectrometer. These performance characteristics may include mass resolving power, the ion kinetic energy for collision-induced dissociation, and speed of analysis. This paper provides a review of the development of hybrid instruments over the last 30 years for analytical applications. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2008, 19, 161-172) © 2008 American Society for Mass Spectrometry T andem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), in a very generic description, is a process in which an ion formed in an ion source is mass-selected in the first stage of analysis, reacted, and then the charged products from the reaction are analyzed in the second stage of analysis. The type and quality of data that is obtained can vary greatly depending upon the type of analyzer used in the first and second stages of analysis, and the type of reaction performed between the stages of analysis. The reactions that can be done also can depend upon the type of analyzer. Over the years there have been a variety of means developed to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of gas-phase ions. The most common methods involve: dispersion based on ion momentum or kinetic energy (magnetic and electric sector instruments); separation in time based on ion velocity (time-of-flight); transmission through an electrodynamic field (quadrupole mass filter); and periodic motion in a magnetic or electrodynamic field (ion traps). There are differences in the experimental parameters associated with these various analysis methods that are pertinent to the MS/MS experiment. Some parameters are obvious, typically related to the performance of the mass analyzer while others are more subtle, related to the reactions/chemistry occurring between the stages of analysis. Many times these different parameters are used to categorize MS/MS experiments.One parameter is the ion kinetic energy. Sector and time-of-flight (TOF) instruments typically operate at "high" ion kinetic energies (5-20 keV), whereas "low" ion kinetic energies (Ͻ50 eV) are typical in quadrupole mass filters and ion traps. The ion kinetic energy is an important parameter in MS/MS experiments because the most common reaction involves colliding the ion of interest with a target gas atom or molecule. When performing ion-neutral collision experiments, the possible reactions that can be accessed (e.g., collisioninduced dissociation, collisional cooling, charge permutation, ion/molecule reaction) depends upon the ion kinetic energy. The appearance of the MS/MS spectrum can change drastically as a function of the collision (ion kinetic) energy. A related factor that is equally important, but often not considered, is the time frame of the experiment, that is, the elapsed time bet...

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“…A recently developed mass spectrometric technique used for complex mixture analysis and ion structure determination is collision-induced dissociation (CID) (53)(54)(55)(56)(57). Briefly, the technique consists of isolating a given parent ion, accelerating the ion into a target gas, and detecting the daughter ions produced as a result of parent ion fragmentation.…”

Section: Collision-induced Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%