“…However, its application for the recovery of Ce 4+ from bastnasite leaching liquor, containing Th 4+ and rare earth metals (RE), is limited by the presence of F -that negatively affects extraction efficiency. Because of this, neutral extractant (DEHEHP) has been added to [C 8 mim] [PF 6 ] to overcome this problem and the extraction efficiency of metal ions is compared to that in the traditional DEHEHP-heptane system (Table 3) (Zuo et al, 2009 (Luo et al, 2006a). Another type of TSIL, based on thioether, thiourea and urea derivatives, are involved as carriers in Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ liquid-liquid extraction (Visser et al, 2001c(Visser et al, , 2002b (Luo et al, 2006b).…”