Separation of lithium and transition metals from the leachate of spent lithium-ion battery by extraction-precipitation with p-tert-butylphenoxy acetic acid

3D-Printed Porous Supramolecular Sorbents for Cobalt Recycling

“…Cobalt is an essential element required for a range of technologies such as (e.g., electric vehicles). − It is also a critical material that suffers from international supply chain instability. Exacerbating the availability problem is that over 70% of cobalt production occurs in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where mining and refinement practices are detrimental to both human health and the environment. , Recycling cobalt from end-of-life waste offers a possible self-sufficient and sustainable solution to these issues (Figure A). , Conventional metallurgical recycling approaches rely primarily on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) using phosphorus-containing ligands, such as Cyanex 272. , Although effective, third phase formation (i.e., emulsion), secondary waste generation, and loss of extractant limits the widespread use of LLE for cobalt recycling (Figure B) . Thus, alternatives to LLE that require fewer processing steps, minimize waste, and enhance extractant reuse are needed.…”

“…3,4 Recycling cobalt from end-of-life waste offers a possible selfsufficient and sustainable solution to these issues (Figure 1A). 5,6 Conventional metallurgical recycling approaches rely primarily on liquid−liquid extraction (LLE) using phosphoruscontaining ligands, such as Cyanex 272. 7,8 Although effective, third phase formation (i.e., emulsion), secondary waste generation, and loss of extractant limits the widespread use of LLE for cobalt recycling (Figure 1B).…”

Investigations into the Extraction of Copper (II) using Methyl Isobutyl ketone solvent

“…[3] Solvent extraction with organic compounds (extractants) is the most promising method for the recovery of metals from industrial waste compared to other methods due to high productivity, economic feasibility, high speed, and simple process design. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Organophosphorus extractants are becoming increasingly important in hydrometallurgical processes [16] due to their high selectivity, good solubility of both extractants and their metal complexes in nonpolar solvents, high degree of stripping, chemical stability, acid resistance, and low cost. However, a significant disadvantage of liquid organophosphorus extractants is their high toxicity.…”

Reaction–Diffusion Coupling Facilitates the Sequential Precipitation of Metal Ions from Battery Feedstock Solutions

“…In this context, recycling spent batteries and electronics has emerged as a viable option for recovering critical materials. − Currently, separating these components from feedstocks relies on adsorbents that bind to specific metal ions, membranes that selectively interact with the target species, and/or toxic solvents that require special treatment for safe disposal. − These methods have demonstrated success in some applications but are beset by technical challenges, including the ineffective separation of ions of similar chemistries, the scaling and fouling of membranes, the degradation of adsorbents, the contributions to high carbon dioxide emissions, and the high energy input required for sustaining the driving forces of separation. One widely used and relatively mild approach is selective precipitation; − a feedstock solution is mixed with a precipitating agent, and the insoluble products are recovered.…”