Separation of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Triton X-114 Surfactant

Abstract

In this study, the interaction energy between Triton X-114 surfactant + methylene blue or water and methylene blue + water was investigated using Hartree-Fock (HF) theory with 6-31G* basis set. The results of structures and interaction energies show that these complexes have good physical and chemical interactions at atom and molecular levels. However, the Triton X-114 surfactant + methylene blue complex shows stronger molecular interaction compared to other complexes systems. The order of the interaction energy is 4303.472023 (Triton X-114 surfactant + water) > -1222.962 (methylene blue + water) > -3573.28 (Triton X-114 surfactant + methylene blue) kJ·mole−1. Subsequently, the cloud point extraction was carried out for 15 ppm of methylene blue in a mixture at 313.15 and 323.15 K over the surfactant concentration range from 0.01 M to 0.1 M. From the measured data, the excess molar volume was calculated for both phases. The results show a positive deviation in the dilute phase and a negative deviation in the surfactant rich phase. It is confirmed that the interaction between Triton X-114 and methylene blue is stronger than other complex systems due to the presence of chemical and structural orientation. The concentration of dyes and surfactant in the feed mixture and temperature effect in both phases has been studied. In addition, the thermodynamics feasibility and efficiency of the process have also been investigated.

Determination of carcinogenic herbicides in milk samples using green non-ionic silicone surfactant of cloud point extraction and spectrophotometry

“…However, the excessively high temperature can also lead to the decomposition of analytes [ 35 ]. The increase of temperature will raise the viscosity of the surfactant-rich phase and result in a dilute problem with organic solvent [ 36 ]. Figure 7 a shows evidence where the recovery percentages of both triazine species increased from 30 to 50°C, while beyond 50°C, the recovery percentages decreased due to the increases of viscosity.…”

Sustainable Wastewater Treatment via Dye–Surfactant Interaction: A Critical Review

“…FV declines when the temperature rises, as at high temperatures, the interaction between the surfactant molecule and water decreases, which leads to the dehydration of the outer layers of the micellar aggregates, thus reducing the volume of the coacervate phase . Adsorption capacity of the dye in the surfactant depends strongly on the structure and strength of hydrogen bonding in the surfactant …”

“…105 Adsorption capacity of the dye in the surfactant depends strongly on the structure and strength of hydrogen bonding in the surfactant. 108 Purkait et al 105 reported a convenient way of dye removal by the CPE method as well as recovering surfactant from the dilute phase. They achieved 100% removal of toxic Congo Red dye from wastewater.…”

An efficient reusable perylene hydrogel for removing some toxic dyes from contaminated water

“…These results indicate high adsorption efficiency of the hydrogel H1 due to the electrostatic interaction between the dyes and the hydrogel H1 , while hydrogel H2 showed much higher adsorption efficiency. This observation can be rationalised by the presence of the large, polycyclic, aromatic residues which are embedded within the newly synthesised hydrogel which enables π–π stacking between the aromatic core of the polymer PePnUMA‐ co ‐AMPS and the dye molecules in a process that is augmented by H‐bonding 61–63 …”