Separation of zirconium and hafnium using Diphonix® chelating ion-exchange resin

Smolik, Marek; Jakóbik‐Kolon, Agata; Porański, Maciej

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.05.010

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is characterized by high affinity for U(VI), Pu(IV), Np(IV), Th(IV), Am(III) and Eu(III). It was found that from 1 M HNO3 solutions the distribution coefficient of Diphonix  Resin for U(VI) ions is 70,000 compared to 900 for sulphinic acid resin (Alexandratos, 2007) and the recovery coefficient for Eu(III) under the same conditions is 98.3, whereas for the sulphonic acid resin 44.9 (Ripperger & Alexandratos, 1999 Smolik et al (2009) investigated separation of zirconium(IV) from hafnium(IV) sulphuric acid solutions on Diphonix Resin®. It was found that the best medium for separation of hafnium(IV) and zirconium(IV) is 0.5 M sulphuric acid.…”

Section: Chelating Ion Exchangers With the Phosphonic And Aminophosphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waters and Waste Waters Using Ion Exchange Methods

Hubicki¹,

Kołodyńska²

2012

Ion Exchange Technologies

109

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Ion Exchange Technologies 194gastrointestinal tract less than 10% cadmium is absorbed. An important source of human exposure to cadmium is food and water. In natural water its typical concentration lies below 0.001 mg/dm 3 , whereas, the upper limit recommended by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is less than 0.003 mg/dm 3 . The maximum limit in drinking water is 0.003 mg/dm 3 .Cadmium accumulates in kidneys, pancreas, intestines and glands altering the metabolism of the elements necessary for the body, such as zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, calcium and selenium. Damage to the respiratory tract and kidneys are the main adverse effects in humans exposed to cadmium compounds. In humans exposed to fumes and dusts chronic toxicity of cadmium compounds is usually found after a few years. The main symptom of emphysema is that it often develops without preceding bronchitis. The second basic symptom of chronic metal poisoning is kidney damage. It includes the loss and impairment of smell, pathological changes in the skeletal system (osteoporosis with spontaneous fractures and bone fractures), pain in the extremities and the spine, difficulty in walking, the formation of hypochromic anemia. The most known 'Itai-Itai' disease caused by cadmium exposure is mixed osteomalacia and osteoporosis. However, an important source of cadmium in soils are phosphate fertilizers. Large amounts of cadmium are also introduced to soil together with municipal waste. The high mobility of cadmium in all types of soils is the reason for its rapid integration into the food chain. Daily intake of cadmium from food in most countries of the world is 10-20 mg.Lead is a toxic metal, which accumulates in the vital organs of men and animals and enters into the body through air, water and food. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) standards, its maximum limit in drinking water is 0.05 mg/dm 3 but the maximum discharge limit for lead in wastewater is 0.5 mg/dm 3 . Its cumulative poisoning effects are serious haematological damage, anaemia, kidney malfunctioning, brain damage etc. Chronic exposure to lead causes severe lesions in kidney, liver, lungs and spleen.Lead is used as industrial raw material in the manufacture of storage batteries, pigments, leaded glass, fuels, photographic materials, matches and explosives. Lead being one of very important pollutants comes from wastewaters from refinery, wastewaters from production of basic compounds containing lead, wastewaters with the remains of after production solvents and paints. Large toxicity of lead requires that its contents are reduced to the minimum (ppb level). To this end there are applied chelating ions with the functional phosphonic and aminophosphonic groups. Also weakly basic anion exchangers in the free base form can be used for selective removal of lead(II) chloride complexes from the solutions of pH in the range 4-6. Also a combined process of cation exchange and precipitation is often applied for lead(II) removal form wastewaters (Pramanik et al. 2009). The average colle...

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Section: Chelating Ion Exchangers With the Phosphonic And Aminophosphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waters and Waste Waters Using Ion Exchange Methods

Hubicki¹,

Kołodyńska²

2012

Ion Exchange Technologies

109

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“…It is well known in the nuclear industry field [2,6,7,9,10] as, for example, in the separation of zirconium and hafnium [9] (the former is essentially transparent to free neutrons while the latter is a very strong absorber of neutrons used in reactor control rods).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cs+ ion exchange over lanthanide silicate Eu-AV-20: Experimental measurement and modelling

Figueiredo

Ananias

Rocha

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…A separação do par Zr/Hf é difícil devido à similaridade de suas propriedades químicas como, raio atômico, raio iônico e eletronegatividade (SMOLIK et al, 2009). O háfnio por sua vez, também é utilizado na indústria nuclear como material constituinte de barras de controle em reatores nucleares, devido a sua alta capacidade de absorção de nêutrons térmicos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo Da Separação Do Par Zircônio E Háfnio Por Troca Iônica

Felipe¹,

Ladeira²

2014

HOLOS

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RESUMOO zircônio e o háfnio são dois importantes metais para a indústria nuclear. O háfnio ocorrer em todos os minérios de zircônio na faixa de 2 -3%. Entretanto, o uso do zircônio na indústria nuclear exige que o háfnio esteja em concentrações menores que 100 mg Kg -1. O atual trabalho consiste na separação do par zircônio e háfnio pelo método de troca iônica a fim de se obter um concentrado de zircônio de alta pureza. SEPARATION OF ZIRCONIUM FROM HAFNIUM BY ION EXCHANGE ABSTRACTThe current work consists in the separation of zirconium and hafnium by the ion exchange method in order to obtain a zirconium concentrate of high purity. The zirconium and hafnium liquors were produced from the leaching of the Zr (OH)4 and Hf (OH)4 with nitric acid for 24 hours. From these two liquors it was prepared one solution containing 7,5x10 -2 mol L -1 of Zr and 5,8x10 -3 mol L -1 of Hf with acidity of 1 M. Ion exchange experiments were carried out in batch with the resins Dowex 50WX4, Dowex 50WX8 100, Dowex 50WX8 50, Amberlite IR-120 and Marathon C at constant temperature 28°C. Other variables such as, acidity and agitation were kept constant. The data were adjusted to Langmuir equation in order to calculate the maximum loading capacity (qmax), the distribution coefficient (Kd) for Zr and Hf and the separation factor (α Hf Zr ). The results of maximum loading capacity (qmax) for Zr and Hf, in mmol g -1 , showed that the most suitable resins for columns experiments are: Dowex 50WX4 50 , Dowex 50WX8 50 and Amberlite. However, separations factors showed that the resins are not selective.

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Separation of zirconium and hafnium using Diphonix® chelating ion-exchange resin

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waters and Waste Waters Using Ion Exchange Methods

Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waters and Waste Waters Using Ion Exchange Methods

Cs+ ion exchange over lanthanide silicate Eu-AV-20: Experimental measurement and modelling

Estudo Da Separação Do Par Zircônio E Háfnio Por Troca Iônica

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