Sequence Analysis of the <i>actA</i> Gene of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Isolated from Human

Moriishi, Kohji; Terao, Michinori; Koura, Minako; Inoue, Satoshi

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02261.x

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, ActA was detected in most strains of L. monocytogenes tested; the only exceptions were one serovar 3a strain and one serovar 4ab strain. Moriishi et al (30) sequenced the actA gene of 24 strains isolated from healthy humans and patients and found two groups, one of which was characterized by deletion of one proline-rich repeat. No correlation between this classification and serovars was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of ActA, Ami, InlB, and Listeriolysin O in Listeria monocytogenes of Human and Food Origin

Jacquet

Gouin²,

Jeannel

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

130

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Expression of proteins involved in the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to mammalian cells or in the intracellular life cycle of this bacterium, including listeriolysin O (LLO),). Of the strains isolated from patients with non-pregnancy-related cases of listeriosis, bacteremia was predominantly associated with group Ami1 strains (OR ‫؍‬ 1.89; P ‫؍‬ 1 ؋ 10 ؊2 ) and central nervous system infections were associated with group ActA2 strains (OR ‫؍‬ 3.04; P ‫؍‬ 1 ؋ 10 ؊3 ) and group ActA3 strains (OR ‫؍‬ 3.91; P ‫؍‬ 1 ؋ 10 ؊3 ).Since the transmission of human listeriosis was first shown to be food borne in 1981, Listeria monocytogenes has been recognized as a major food-borne pathogen. The severity of listeriosis, which can cause abortions, bacteremia, and central nervous system infections (CNSI) and has a high mortality rate (20 to 30% [13,36]), makes it a serious public health problem. In addition, the fact that various foods have been implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis (37) and the increase in product recalls (48) have led to serious economic problems associated with this bacterium.Based on present knowledge, any strain of L. monocytogenes should be considered potentially pathogenic for humans. Nevertheless, a number of observations suggests that L. monocytogenes virulence is heterogeneous. Serotyping has revealed that strains are heterogeneously distributed; most major outbreaks of listeriosis (37) have been caused by strains belonging to serovar 4b, which has also been responsible for numerous sporadic cases (13, 36). However, a low percentage of food samples is contaminated with strains of this serovar (1, 25). Analysis of surface proteins, sequencing of virulence genes, and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis of virulence genes have revealed that differences are connected to the origin or typing characteristics of the strains (34,38,43,49,50,51). The tests used to study L. monocytogenes pathogenicity include tissue culture assays and tests in which laboratory animals are used (5,7,9,44,46). These methods also have revealed heterogeneity in the virulence of strains. For example, counts of viable bacteria in spleens revealed that virulence levels varied from less than 10 3 to 10 8 CFU (5). However, there was no clear correlation between strain characteristics and the degree of virulence. Therefore, there are currently no laboratory tests which can predict the danger associated with L. monocytogenes strains.The mechanisms by which L. monocytogenes invades a host have been studied in detail (21). Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a 58-to 60-kDa secreted protein which allows the bacterium to escape from a phagocytosis vacuole (8, 15). LLO is a toxin which acts only on cholesterol-containing membranes in which cholesterol is considered the receptor. Nonhemolytic mutants are always avirulent in mice (15). However, the level of in vitro hemolysin production is not directly proportional to the virulence of a strain (18). InlB, which is a 67-kDa surface and secreted protein, is sufficient for entry of the bacterium into cells...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of ActA, Ami, InlB, and Listeriolysin O in Listeria monocytogenes of Human and Food Origin

Jacquet

Gouin²,

Jeannel

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

130

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“…PCR-based methods for discrimination of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei from ara ϩ biotypes such as B. thailandensis have been developed based on the uneven conservation of type III secretion system genes (19,28) and show promise in a clinical setting (16 25). Natural diversity exists in the prevalence and sequences of bacterial factors required for actin-dependent movement, including Listeria ActA (10,17), Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli IcsA (4), Rickettsia sp. RickA (9,14), and the Tir and TccP proteins of attaching and effacing E. coli (7,20,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Sequence Diversity of a Factor Required for Actin-Based Motility in Natural Populations of Burkholderia Species

et al. 2008

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Actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei requires BimA. We report a high degree of conservation of bimA in 99 B. pseudomallei isolates from the area of endemicity. A geographically restricted subset of B. pseudomallei isolates harbored a B. mallei-like bimA allele (12.1%), confounding a differential diagnostic test based on amplification of species-specific bimA regions.

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“…They also reported that the actA gene Type II sequence was detected in the ribotype dd0647 of L. monocytogenes implicated in at least four human foodborne listeriosis outbreaks. Their report suggests that further epidemiological and pathogenic investigation of L. monocytogenes of actA gene Type II may demonstrate the significance of the actA gene in the development of listeriosis (12,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patterns of the amplified products were recorded and analyzed using a Fluor-S TM Multi-Imager (Bio-Rad, U.S.A.). The type of each actA gene product was determined by the size of the PCR product reflecting the nucleotide sequence of the actA gene (Type I with two LUs corresponds to a 623 bp product and Type II, lacking one LU, corresponds to a 518 bp product) (12). RAPD profiles were obtained following the general protocol described in the WHO Multicenter Study on L. monocytogenes subtyping (27).…”

Section: Pcr Amplification Of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

RAPD‐ and actA Gene‐Typing of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates of Human Listeriosis, the Intestinal Contents of Cows and Beef

Inoue

Katagiri

Terao³

et al. 2001

Microbiology and Immunology

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Seventy-five L monocytogenes isolates of human listeriosis, the intestinal contents of cows and beef were divided into 5 major clusters, 17 sub-clusters and 28 minor clusters by typing using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). According to their major RAPD category, L monocytogenes isolates serotyped as 1I2b and 4b were distinguished from L monocytogenes isolates of serovars 1I2a and 1I2c. Moreover serovar 4b was distinguished from serovar 1/2b by a difference in the RAPD sub-cluster category. All L monocytogenes were found to possess either actA gene Type I or IT, and only one actA gene type was detectedin each RAPD minor cluster. actA gene Type ITwas observed in 32.0%, 38.5% and 18.9% of isolates from humans, cows and beef, respectively, and was detected more frequently in serovar 4b (46.9%) than in serovars 1/2a (22.2%), 1I2b (7.7%) and 1/2c (0.0%). Twenty (80%) of 25 human isolates fell within three minor RAPD types (Il-d (16%), V-p-1 (36%), V-p-2 (28%». Two isolates from humans and beef were found to have the same RAPD type (Type IV-k-1), actA gene type (Type I) and serovar (1/2b). Our results suggest that only a few genotypes of L monocytogenes are predominant in human listeriosis in Japan, although the human isolates were collected over a broad span of time and a wide geographical range. Our results also suggest that RAPD-, actA gene-and sero-typing can be useful for epidemiological analysis.

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Sequence Analysis of the actA Gene of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Human

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Expression of ActA, Ami, InlB, and Listeriolysin O in Listeria monocytogenes of Human and Food Origin

Expression of ActA, Ami, InlB, and Listeriolysin O in Listeria monocytogenes of Human and Food Origin

Prevalence and Sequence Diversity of a Factor Required for Actin-Based Motility in Natural Populations of Burkholderia Species

RAPD‐ and actA Gene‐Typing of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates of Human Listeriosis, the Intestinal Contents of Cows and Beef

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