Sequence Diversity and Identification of Novel Puroindoline and Grain Softness Protein Alleles in Elymus, Agropyron and Related Species

Abstract

The puroindoline proteins, PINA and PINB, which are encoded by the Pina and Pinb genes located at the Ha locus on chromosome 5D of bread wheat, are considered to be the most important determinants of grain hardness. However, the recent identification of Pinb-2 genes on group 7 chromosomes has stressed the importance of considering the effects of related genes and proteins. Several species related to wheat (two diploid Agropyron spp., four tetraploid Elymus spp. and five hexaploid Elymus and Agropyron spp.) were therefore analyzed to identify novel variation in Pina, Pinb and Pinb-2 genes which could be exploited for the improvement of cultivated wheat. A novel sequence for the Pina gene was detected in Elymus burchan-buddae, Elymus dahuricus subsp. excelsus and Elymus nutans and novel PINB sequences in Elymus burchan-buddae, Elymus dahuricus subsp. excelsus, and Elymus nutans. A novel PINB-2 variant was also detected in Agropyron repens and Elymus repens. The encoded proteins detected all showed changes in the tryptophan-rich domain as well as changes in and/or deletions of basic and hydrophobic residues. In addition, two new AGP sequences were identified in Elymus nutans and Elymus wawawaiensis. The data presented therefore highlight the sequence diversity in this important gene family and the potential to exploit this diversity to modify grain texture and end-use quality in wheat.

Plant Antimicrobial Peptides: State of the Art, In Silico Prediction and Perspectives in the Omics Era

“…118 No high-resolution structure for any of the PIN isoforms is available, bringing challenges to understanding the function of their hydrophobic regions, with some evidence coming only from partially homolog peptides. 117 However, Wilkinson et al 119 proposed a theoretical model for several sequences of this AMP.…”

Использование Генетического Потенциала Многолетних Дикорастущих Злаков В Селекци-Онном Улучшении Пшеницы

“…Использование молекулярных и цитогенетических маркеров позволяет направленно интрогрессировать целевые гены в геном пшеницы, тем самым значительно облегчая работу селекционеров (152,153). Данные полногеномного секвенирования, которое в настоящее время активно развивается, и технологии геномного редактирования, несомненно, позволят повысить эффективность использования генетических ресурсов ди-корастущих видов (154)(155)(156).…”