Sequence organization of a pea chloroplast DNA gene coding for a 34,500-dalton protein.

Oishi, K K; Shapiro, D R; Tewari, Κ. Κ.

doi:10.1128/mcb.4.11.2556

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…1: probes 3 and 4). Probe 3 (a 3.l-kb BamH I-Pst I fragment cloned in pUC 8 from Vigna radiata; Palmer et al, 1987) is at the margin ofthe small single-copy (SSC) region and probe 4 (a 1.2-kb Pst I-EcoR I fragment cloned into pUC 8 and containing the 3' end of psbA from Pisum sativum; Oishi et al, 1984) is at the margin of the LSC region flanking the end of the inverted repeat segment. Each therefore has only a single region of homology on a chloroplast chromosome.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Significance of the Loss of the Chloroplast‐dna Inverted Repeat in the Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae

1990

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Abstract.-The distribution of a rare chloroplast-DNA structural mutation, the loss of a large inverted repeat, has been determined for 95 species representing 77 genera and 25 of the 31 tribes in the legume subfamily Papilionoideae. This mutation, which is regarded as a derived feature of singular origin within the subfamily, marks a group comprising six temperate tribes, the Galegeae, Hedysareae, Carmichaelieae, Vicieae, Cicereae, and Trifolieae, an assemblage traditionally considered to be monophyletic. This mutation also occurs in the chloroplast genome of Wisteria, a member of the tropical tribe Millettieae whose other members so far surveyed lack the mutation. These new DNA data, together with traditional evidence, support the hypothesis that Wisteria is an unspecialized member of a lineage that gave rise to the temperate tribes marked by the chloroplast-DNA mutation; the probable paraphylesis of Millettieae is revealed. Two other tribes, Loteae and Coronilleae (traditionally regarded as a derived element of the aforesaid temperate tribes) do not possess this chloroplast-DNA structural mutation and, therefore, presumably represent a distinct temperate lineage. This hypothesis is supported by additional evidence from pollen, inflorescence, and root-nodule morphology that suggests that the Loteae and Coronilleae share a more recent ancestry with tropical tribes such as Phaseoleae and Millettieae than with other temperate tribes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Significance of the Loss of the Chloroplast‐dna Inverted Repeat in the Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae

1990

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“…Several studies suggest that the 32 kDa protein is involved in light-driven electron transport and is the target for photosystem II herbicides such as atrazine and diuron (26,28,34,15). Nucleotide sequencing of the gene (42,15,6,38,36,24,14,11,18,32,31,13) and proteolytic fingerprinting of the protein (17,27), suggest that the polypeptide structure is highly conserved in a wide range of photosynthetic organisms. In the chloroplasts of higher plants the protein first appears as a precursor form, which has an apparent M r of 33 500-34500 in SDS-PAGE, and is processed to a matured form which has an apparent M r of 32000 (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The amino terminal region delimited by Met1 and Met37 is an integral part of the 32 kDa herbicide binding protein

1987

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The 33.5 kDa precursor of the 32 kDa herbicide binding protein is encoded in the chloroplast by the psbA gene. Previous work on the gene and protein did not pinpoint the initiation site of translation in vivo. To resolve this issue, constructs containing full length, truncated or mutated psbA from Solanum nigrum were used as templates for in vitro transcription in an SP6-promoter directed system. The resulting RNAs were then translated in a reticulocyte lysate system. The SDS-PAGE and partial proteolysis patterns of the translation products demonstrate that constructs containing the first ATG codon (Met1) of the psbA open reading frame code for a full length precursor protein (33.5 kDa), irrespective of whether the second ATG codon (Met37) is replaced by site directed mutagenesis or not. However, a 5' deleted gene, lacking the codon for Met1 but containing the codon for Met37, codes for a truncated 29 kDa protein. It is concluded that the 33.5 kDa precursor protein and its 32 kDa maturation product initiate at Met1 of the psbA open reading frame.

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“…8A). The 3'-flanking region of the pea chloroplast psbA gene has been sequenced (29) and contains a histidine tRNA gene and a stem-loop structure that is similar to that of the procaryotic rho-independent terminators (Fig. 8B) nucleotide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro analysis of the pea chloroplast 16S rRNA gene promoter.

Sun¹,

Wu²,

Tewari³

1989

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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A cloned pea chloroplast 16S rRNA gene promoter has been characterized in detail by use of a homologous in vitro transcription system that contains a highly purified chloroplast RNA polymerase. The in vivo and in vitro 16S rRNA transcriptional start site has been identified to be a T on the plus strand, 158 bases upstream of the mature 5' end of the gene. BAL 31 deletions of the 16S rRNA leader region demonstrated that the bases between -66 to +30 relative to the transcriptional start site (+ 1) are necessary for specific 16S transcription. Disruption of canonical TTGACA or TATAAT elements within this region caused complete transcriptional inactivation and prevented protein binding. The topological requirement for 16S transcription was examined by using a construct that synthesized a transcript from the 16S promoter and released it from a pea plastid putative terminator sequence. This minigene was relaxed in vitro with a topoisomerase I from pea chloroplast. It was shown that the 16S promoter was most active when the miniigene plasmid was supercoiled.Chloroplast DNA in higher plants contains rRNA, tRNAs, and about 60 to 80 genes coding for chloroplast-specific proteins. The transcription of these genes has been studied by obtaining crude homologous or heterologous RNA polymerase preparations. A great deal of information on the regulatory sequences for the transcription of tRNA genes and several protein genes has been obtained by using deletions, substitutions, and point mutations in recombinant DNA molecules and in vitro RNA transcription systems (2, 8, 11, 13-15, 20, 24, 27, 30, 31, 33). The chloroplast promoters of tRNA and protein genes contain two elements upstream of their transcriptional start sites that bear significant homology with the TTGACA (-35) and TATAAT (-10) consensus regions of bacterial promoters (3,5,9,16,18).The chloroplast 16S (ctl6S) rRNA gene transcription regulatory sequences have not yet been functionally identified. ctl6S transcription start sites have been mapped in vitro in maize (35) and spinach (22). From these studies, there appear to be regions with sequence homology to bacteral promoter consensus elements upstream of the 16S rRNA mature start site. Whether these elements actually regulate 16S transcription has not been shown. For example, the 16S rRNA leader sequence of spinach plastids contain two consensus promoter regions, only one of which seems to be used in vivo (4, 22).We have previously reported that a highly purified pea chloroplast RNA (ctRNA) polymerase preparation was able to faithfully initiate and synthesize the full-length pea 16S rRNA from supercoiled recombinant DNA (36). The in vitro start site was located by S1 nuclease analysis to several nucleotides 155 to 158 bases upstream of the 5' end of the coding region of the mature 16S rRNA. In this paper, we further report that the highly purified ctRNA polymerase can utilize linearized plasmid DNA to produce runoff transcripts. Using this technique coupled with capping of the RNA, we have identified the transcripti...

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Sequence organization of a pea chloroplast DNA gene coding for a 34,500-dalton protein.

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Evolutionary Significance of the Loss of the Chloroplast‐dna Inverted Repeat in the Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae

Evolutionary Significance of the Loss of the Chloroplast‐dna Inverted Repeat in the Leguminosae Subfamily Papilionoideae

The amino terminal region delimited by Met1 and Met37 is an integral part of the 32 kDa herbicide binding protein

In vitro analysis of the pea chloroplast 16S rRNA gene promoter.

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