Sequence-sensitive exemplar and decision-bound accounts of speeded-classification performance in a modified Garner-tasks paradigm

Little, Daniel R.; Wang, Tony; Nosofsky, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.07.001

Cited by 19 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Based on detailed computational modeling of a color categorization task, Little, Wang, and Nosofsky (2016) argued that two separate mechanisms were required to account for their sequential effects. Specifically, there is a bias to switch category responses when stimuli change and a persistence of activation of recently presented items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Generality of Dynamic Adjustments in Decision Processes across Trials and Tasks

2017

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There is a growing interest in understanding how aspects of binary decision-making change dynamically at the trial level. For example, in lexical decision, there is a well-established interaction between current and previous trial characteristics (e.g., lexicality and stimulus degradation) that suggests that participants adjust their decision processes based on the relative match in signal strength between the current and previous trial. The present study assessed the generality of this finding by examining the presence of such cross-trial adjustments in two new tasks, syntactic classification, and memory scanning. Stimulus degradation is manipulated in both tasks. Results indicate that response latencies are facilitated when salient aspects of the stimulus repeat across trials. These findings are interpreted within the context of a flexible processor that utilizes information from the prior target to prime the relevant processing pathway on the current trial. Candidate models that potentially can accommodate the pattern are briefly discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Generality of Dynamic Adjustments in Decision Processes across Trials and Tasks

2017

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“…An open question is whether the models could also be expanded to account for learning effects. Little, Wang, and Nosofsky (2016) recently explored extensions to the logical rules models as well as the EBRW model to address sequence effects in the Garner (1974) speeded classification paradigm. One potential way to expand the rulebased models to address trial-by-trial learning would be to allow the response regions formed by different rules to develop associations with different category outcomes through error-driven learning (cf.…”

Section: Rule-based Models Of Categorization Rtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining error-driven models of associative learning with evidence accumulation models of decision-making

et al. 2019

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As people learn a new skill, performance changes along two fundamental dimensions: Responses become progressively faster and more accurate. In cognitive psychology, these facets of improvement have typically been addressed by separate classes of theories. Reductions in response time (RT) have usually been addressed by theories of skill acquisition, whereas increases in accuracy have been explained by associative learning theories. To date, relatively little work has examined how changes in RT relate to changes in response accuracy, and whether these changes can be accounted for quantitatively within a single theoretical framework. The current work examines joint changes in accuracy and RT in a probabilistic category learning task. We report a model-based analysis of changes in the shapes of RT distributions for different category responses at the level of individual stimuli over the course of learning. We show that changes in performance are determined solely by changes in the quality of information entering the decision process. We then develop a new model that combines an associative learning front end with a sequential sampling model of the decision process, showing that the model provides a good account of all aspects of the learning data. We conclude by discussing potential extensions of the model and future directions for theoretical development that are opened up by our findings.

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“…In a landmark study, Fifić et al (2008) have shown that separable dimensions (i.e., line orientation and the saturation of a spatially separated rectangle) 3 were processed according to a serial or parallel architecture, whereas integral dimensions (i.e., hue and saturation) were processed according to coactive architecture. Later studies have extended the validity of these conclusions to other pairs of dimensions (Blunden, Wang, Griffiths, & Little, 2015;Little et al, 2011;Little et al, 2013;Little et al, 2016;Moneer, Wang, & Little, 2016).…”

Section: Qualitative Model Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Integral dimensions (e.g., hue and brightness) are processed as a single unitary whole, cannot be attended selectively, and interfere with each other in Garner's speeded classification task (Garner, 1974). Separable dimensions (e.g., circle's diameter and the tilt of its radius), by contrast, are processed as independent entities, are easy to attend to selectively, and do not interfere with each in Garner's speeded classification task (Garner, 1974;Little, Wang, & Nosofsky, 2016). The distinction between integral and separable dimensions has proved valuable in validation of the logical rule models.…”

Section: Qualitative Model Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practitioners of the Garner and logical rule approaches have applied these methods successfully to research questions regarding interdimensional processing, providing new insights on how two dimensions (e.g., shape and color) are processed, and whether they interact in processing (Algom, Fitousi, Eidels, 2016;Fifić et al, 2008;Fitousi & Wenger, 2013;Little et al, 2016;Moneer et al, 2016). Nothing in these methods precludes their application to intradimensional processing.…”

Section: Qualitative Model Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can we perceive two colors at the same time? A direct test of Huang and Pashler’s (2007) Boolean map theory of visual attention

Fitousi

2019

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Can observers access two spatially separated color targets (e.g., red and green) at the same time (i.e., in parallel)? According to the Boolean map theory of visual attention (Huang & Pashler, Psychological Review, 114(3), 599-631, 2007), access to two different features that belong to the same dimension (e.g., red and green targets) is limited and therefore can be held only in a serial fashion. The current study proposes a strong test of the Boolean map theory of attention through the application of two of the most rigorous stochastic approaches to response times modeling-the system factorial technology (Townsend & Nozawa, 1995) and the logical rule models (Fifić, Little, & Nosofsky, Psychological Review, 117, 309-348, 2010). These approaches allowed identification of serial, parallel, and coactive architectures in the processing of multicolor targets. The results showed that multiple-color targets are processed serially when observers are required to process all the targets in the display (i.e., an exhaustive stopping rule), and in parallel or coactively when observers can terminate the search when one of the targets is found (i.e., self-terminating stopping rule). These results are generally inconsistent with predictions of the Boolean map theory. They highlight the role of stopping rules in multicolor visual search, as well as the flexibility of the attentional system in shifting between processing architectures.

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Sequence-sensitive exemplar and decision-bound accounts of speeded-classification performance in a modified Garner-tasks paradigm

Cited by 19 publications

References 94 publications

The Generality of Dynamic Adjustments in Decision Processes across Trials and Tasks

The Generality of Dynamic Adjustments in Decision Processes across Trials and Tasks

Combining error-driven models of associative learning with evidence accumulation models of decision-making

Can we perceive two colors at the same time? A direct test of Huang and Pashler’s (2007) Boolean map theory of visual attention

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