Sequence stratigraphy and late Quaternary paleoenvironmental evolution of the Northern Adriatic coastal plain (Italy)

Campo, Bruno; Amorosi, Alessandro; Vaiani, Stefano Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.016

Cited by 56 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The Holocene wedge has a maximum thickness of 30 m (Figure ; Amorosi, Bruno, Campo et al, ; Campo, Amorosi, & Vaiani, ) and is bounded at its base by a weakly developed palaeosol (Younger Dryas – YD – palaeosol of Amorosi, Bruno, Cleveland, Morelli, & Hong, ; Amorosi, Maselli, & Trincardi, ) dated to about 12.5–11.5 cal kyr BP. This palaeosol has a great stratigraphic significance, as it marks the Pleistocene‐Holocene boundary across a wide portion the southern Po Plain (Amorosi, Bruno, Cleveland et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peat layer accumulation and post‐burial deformation during the mid‐late Holocene in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy)

et al. 2019

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Peat horizons are characteristic features of delta plains worldwide. In this study, we tested the use of peat‐based correlations to assess the deformation of Holocene strata in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy). The Holocene stratigraphy, about 30 km inland from the modern coastline consists of a peat‐bearing, estuarine and deltaic succession, up to 23 m thick. Through the analysis of 31 core data and 100 piezocone penetration tests, we identified and mapped three 10–40 cm‐thick peat layers (T1–T3) dated to 6.6–5.8, 5.5–5.0 and 3.3–2.7 cal kyr BP respectively. These peat horizons were found to be suitable stratigraphic markers within the Holocene succession over an area of about 200 km2. The mid‐late Holocene palaeogeography, reconstructed through high‐resolution peat correlation, supported by 72 radiocarbon dates, highlights a typical upper delta plain environment, with ribbon‐shaped distributary channels and swamp interdistributary areas. Peat layers are inclined towards E‐NE with gradients that increase downsection from ~0.016% (T3) to 0.021% (T1). The gradient of the oldest peat horizon is one order of magnitude larger than the slope of the modern delta plain (~0.0025%). We infer that peat horizons accumulated during periods of low sediment supply mainly controlled by autogenic processes and were deformed after deposition. Differential compaction of underlying sedimentary strata and recent tectonic activity of the buried Apenninic thrust systems are the most likely drivers of strata deformation. Based on isochore maps, we document that higher sedimentation rates in topographically depressed areas compensated, in part at least, the ongoing deformation, keeping unaltered the topographic gradient and the depositional environment. This study demonstrates that peat‐based correlation and mapping can shed lights on the mechanisms of strata accumulation and deformation in deltaic settings, constituting a robust basis for reconstructing delta evolution.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peat layer accumulation and post‐burial deformation during the mid‐late Holocene in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy)

et al. 2019

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“…These are generally thin (1-2 m) at the base of Holocene (MIS 1) and Eemian (MIS 5e) transgressive-regressive wedges and are truncated at the top by an erosive ravinement surface that marks the passage to transgressive barrier facies (e.g. Amorosi et al, 2004;Campo et al, 2017). In contrast, well-developed paralic successions are locally present close to the innermost palaeoshoreline position reached at the peak of the MIS 1 and 5e transgressions (Dinelli et al, 2013;Campo et al, 2017) or below the Eemian units, representing the sedimentary response to the MIS 7 sea level variation (Amorosi et al, 1999a;Vaiani and Pennisi, 2014).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amorosi et al, 2004;Campo et al, 2017). In contrast, well-developed paralic successions are locally present close to the innermost palaeoshoreline position reached at the peak of the MIS 1 and 5e transgressions (Dinelli et al, 2013;Campo et al, 2017) or below the Eemian units, representing the sedimentary response to the MIS 7 sea level variation (Amorosi et al, 1999a;Vaiani and Pennisi, 2014). Specifically, below the two uppermost T-R cycles, coastal and paralic deposits attributed to MIS 7 were recognized at some locations of the Po River coastal plain at more than 140 m core depth (e.g.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic foraminifera or Ostracoda? Comparing the accuracy of palaeoenvironmental indicators from a Pleistocene lagoon of the Romagna coastal plain (Italy)

Barbieri

Vaiani

2018

J. Micropalaeontol.

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Abstract. Integrated analyses of multiple groups of microfossils are frequently performed to unravel the palaeoenvironmental evolution of subsurface coastal successions, where the complex interaction among several palaeoecological factors can be detected with benthic assemblages. This work investigates the palaeoenvironmental resolution potential provided by benthic foraminifera and ostracoda within a Pleistocene lagoonal succession of the Romagna coastal plain (northern Italy). Quantitative approaches and statistical techniques have been applied to both groups in order to understand the main factors that controlled the composition of assemblages and compare the palaeoecological record provided by single fossil groups.The two faunal groups are characterized by the high dominance of opportunistic species (Ammonia tepidaAmmonia parkinsoniana and Cyprideis torosa); however, detailed palaeoecological information is inferred from less common taxa. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are mainly determined by the frequencies of abnormal individuals and species related to high concentrations of organic matter, showing two assemblages: a stressed assemblage, consistent with a brackish-water environment subject to salinity and oxygen fluctuations, and an unstressed assemblage, which indicates more stable conditions. Despite the lower number of species, ostracoda show more significant differences in terms of species composition and ecological structure between their three assemblages, formed in response to a salinity gradient and indicative of inner, central, and outer lagoon conditions. The stratigraphic distribution of ostracod assemblages shows a general transgressive-regressive trend with minor fluctuations, whereas benthic foraminifera highlight the presence of a significant palaeoenvironmental stress.In this case, the higher abundance along the stratigraphic succession, the higher differentiation of the assemblages, and the well-defined relationship between taxa and ecological parameters determine Ostracoda as the most reliable fossil group for precise palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Nevertheless, benthic foraminifera indicate palaeoenvironmental stress and can be used to refine the environmental interpretation in the presence of monospecific ostracod assemblages.

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“…Amorosi & Marchi () also report the possibility of detecting fining‐upward tendencies using CPT measurements for transgressive sand sheets and Campo et al . () were able to detect fining‐upward sequences within a fluvial record. The two fining‐upward sequences presented in this study at site AGI 7A were proved by laboratory evidence using grain‐size analysis after Köhn () (see Materials and Methods section) and are typical of successive wave impacts during tsunami inundation (Bondevik et al ., ; Kortekaas & Dawson, ; Röbke & Vött, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing tsunami signatures of the ad 551 and ad 1303 tsunamis at the Gulf of Kyparissia (Peloponnese, Greece) using direct push in situ sensing techniques combined with geophysical studies

et al. 2019

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The western Peloponnese was repeatedly hit by major tsunami impacts during historical times as reported by historical accounts and recorded in earthquake and tsunami catalogues. Geological signatures of past tsunami impacts have also been found in many coastal geological archives. During the past years, abundant geomorphological and sedimentary evidence of repeated Holocene tsunami landfall was found between Cape Katakolo and the city of Kyparissia. Moreover, neotectonic studies revealed strong crust uplift along regional faults with amounts of uplift between 13 m and 30 m since the mid‐Holocene. This study focuses on the potential of direct push in situ sensing techniques to detect tsunami sediments along the Gulf of Kyparissia. Direct push measurements were conducted on the landward shores of the Kaiafa Lagoon and the former Mouria Lagoon from which sedimentary and microfaunal evidence for tsunami landfall are already known. Direct push methods helped to decipher in situ high‐resolution stratigraphic records of allochthonous sand sheets that are used to document different kinds of sedimentological and geomorphological characteristics of high‐energy inundation, such as abrupt increases in grain size, integration of muddy rip‐up clasts and fining upward sequences which are representative of different tsunami inundation pulses. These investigations were completed by sediment coring as a base for local calibration of geophysical direct push parameters. Surface‐based electrical resistivity tomography and seismic data with highly resolved vertical direct push datasets and sediment core data were all coupled in order to improve the quality of the geophysical models. Details of this methodological approach, new in palaeotsunami research, are presented and discussed, especially with respect to the question of how the obtained results may help to facilitate tracing tsunami signatures in the sedimentary record and deciphering geomorphological characteristics of past tsunami inundation. Using direct push techniques and based on sedimentary data, sedimentary signatures of two young tsunami impacts that hit the Kaiafa Lagoon were detected. Radiocarbon age control allowed the identification of these tsunami layers as candidates for the ad 551 and ad 1303 earthquake and tsunami events. For these events, there is reliable historical data on major damage on infrastructure in western Greece and on the Peloponnese. At the former Mouria Lagoon, corroborating tsunami traces were found; however, in this case it is difficult to decide whether these signatures were caused by the ad 551 or the ad 1303 event.

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Sequence stratigraphy and late Quaternary paleoenvironmental evolution of the Northern Adriatic coastal plain (Italy)

Cited by 56 publications

References 62 publications

Peat layer accumulation and post‐burial deformation during the mid‐late Holocene in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy)

Peat layer accumulation and post‐burial deformation during the mid‐late Holocene in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy)

Benthic foraminifera or Ostracoda? Comparing the accuracy of palaeoenvironmental indicators from a Pleistocene lagoon of the Romagna coastal plain (Italy)

Tracing tsunami signatures of the ad 551 and ad 1303 tsunamis at the Gulf of Kyparissia (Peloponnese, Greece) using direct push in situ sensing techniques combined with geophysical studies

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