Sequence variation of captive Malayan Gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences

Md-Zain, Badrul Munir; Abdul-Aziz, Aqilah; Mohd-Yusuf, Nur Syafika; Rosli, Norsyamimi; Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine J.; Karuppannan, Kayal Vizi; Zulkifli, Nadiatur Akmar; Yaakop, Salmah

doi:10.13057/biodiv/d190501

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Our result is in line with a recent study which also observed low genetic diversity among gaur populations of Central India based on partial mtDNA D-loop sequences 38 . Similar low mtDNA diversity was also observed in Malayan gaur for partial D-loop sequence 39 . Low mtDNA diversity is likely to occur in the wild population due to the presence of small number of founder females 38 – 41 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Similar low mtDNA diversity was also observed in Malayan www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ gaur for partial D-loop sequence 39 . Low mtDNA diversity is likely to occur in the wild population due to the presence of small number of founder females [38][39][40][41] . Also, it can be taken as a sign of population decline 40,42,43 .…”

Section: Protein Coding Genes (Pcgs)supporting

confidence: 75%

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The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur, Bos gaurus and its phylogenetic implications

Kamalakkannan

Bhavana

Prabhu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the gaur is the largest extant cattle species and distributed across South and Southeast Asia. Around 85% of its current global population resides in India, however there has been a gradual decrease in the gaur population over the last two decades due to various anthropogenic activities. Mitochondrial genome is considered as an important tool for species identification and monitoring the populations of conservation concern and therefore it becomes an obligation to sequence the mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur. We report here for the first time 16,345 bp mitochondrial genome of four Indian gaur sequenced using two different approaches. Mitochondrial genome consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. Among the 37 genes, 28 were positioned on the H-strand and 9 were positioned on the L-strand. The overall base composition appeared to be 33.5% A, 27.2% T, 25.9% C and 13.4% G, which yielded a higher AT content. The phylogenetic analysis using complete mitochondrial genome sequences unambiguously suggested that gaur is the maternal ancestor of domestic mithun. Moreover, it also clearly distinguished the three sub species of B. gaurus i.e. B. gaurus gaurus, B. gaurus readei and B. gaurus hubbacki. Among the three sub species, B. gaurus gaurus was genetically closer to B. gaurus readei as compared to B. gaurus hubbacki. The findings of our study provide an insight into the genetic structure and evolutionary history of indian gaur. The gaur, Bos gaurus also known as "Indian bison" is the largest living wild cattle species belonging to the family Bovidae 1. The historical distribution of gaur ranged throughout much of the mainland South and Southeast Asia. But, currently it occurs in a few Asian countries such as Bangladesh,

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Protein Coding Genes (Pcgs)supporting

confidence: 75%

The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur, Bos gaurus and its phylogenetic implications

Kamalakkannan

Bhavana

Prabhu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Greater sequence variation found in two historical DNA sequences further confirms the loss diversity no longer found in the present-day wild gaur population of MTR. Lack of mitochondrial DNA variation in the current wild gaur population points toward the presence of a single, small population of wild gaur with less number of founder females in MTR (Md-Zain et al 2018). Considering the single locus and contribution of mtDNA to the whole genome, low diversity at the maternal level is justified and reported in several species Khaire et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mitochondrial DNA diversity in wild gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus): evidence from extant and historical samples

Atkulwar

Farah

Gadhikar

et al. 2020

Mitochondrial DNA Part B

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Bos gaurus gaurus commonly called as gaur is a wild bovid species inhabiting South and Southeast Asia and attained vulnerable status in India. In this study, we typed 62 extant free-ranging wild gaur individuals for mitochondrial partial displacement loop (D-loop) and cytochrome b gene (Cyt b) from the Melghat Tiger Reserve (MTR). Two historical DNA samples originating from museums and two Tectona grandis bark fibers samples browsed by wild gaur were also used as a source of environmental DNA. Both D-loop and Cyt b loci show the occurrence of a single haplotype in the contemporary wild gaur population. While D-loop fragment sequencing of two historical museum samples reveals two unique haplotypes, virtually absent in the present wild gaur population of MTR. Amplifications of the similar haplotypes in gaur DNA samples obtained through chewed T. grandis bark fibers have proved the efficacy of eDNA. Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) analysis using extant and historical D-loop sequences illustrate population decline starting from upper Mesolithic. Also, the BSP graph indicates accelerated effective population size decline (N e), a time period coinciding with the different phases of the 5000 years old Indus civilization. The plot shows an overall declining trend in the wild gaur population, a probable outcome of ever-shrinking habitat in the central Indian landscape caused by prehistoric, medieval and colonial hunting practices.

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“…A low genetic diversity in the current study may be assigned to the small population size and repeated introduction of animals from same source over the years. Low mtDNA diversity is likely to occur in the wild population due to the presence of small number of founder females [59][60][61][62]. It has been already stated by [63] that the gaur population is anticipated to fall by 30% within the next three decades due to habitat loss, poaching for its meat and horns, and fatal diseases.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of Endangered Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis), Indian Bison/Wild Gaur (Bos gaurus) and Tho-tho Cattle (Bos indicus) Populations Using SSR Markers Reveals Their Diversity and Unique Phylogenetic Status

Mukherjee

Kumar

et al. 2022

Diversity

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Mithun (Bos frontalis) or gayal and Indian Bison or wild gaur (Bos gaurus) are listed among the rare and endangered bovine species of India. The remote location of mithun in four North Eastern Hill states (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram), scattered population size, and non-availability of genetic diversity status are major limitations towards devising a suitable breeding and conservation policy of these species. Since several studies have demonstrated the successful applicability of microsatellite/SSR markers across related genera/families in both crop plants and animal species, 30 FAO recommended cattle microsatellites were utilized for the assessment of the genetic diversity of Indian mithun, bison, and local Tho-tho cattle. Mitochondrial transmembrane protein coding cytochrome B (CYTB) complete sequence data of 71 bovine samples from India were also used to reinforce the study. Population structuring clustered the all bovines into three subgroups as per geographical location and species. Bottleneck analysis indicated a mode shift in the allelic frequency distribution of gaur, indicating minor genetic bottleneck events in the past, while no bottleneck was found in mithun and Tho-tho cattle. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of molecular genetic characterization showing the population structure and status of genetic diversity in rare Indian bovines, namely, Mithun, Gaur, and Tho-tho cattle.

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Sequence variation of captive Malayan Gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur, Bos gaurus and its phylogenetic implications

The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur, Bos gaurus and its phylogenetic implications

Mitochondrial DNA diversity in wild gaur (Bos gaurus gaurus): evidence from extant and historical samples

Genetic Characterization of Endangered Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis), Indian Bison/Wild Gaur (Bos gaurus) and Tho-tho Cattle (Bos indicus) Populations Using SSR Markers Reveals Their Diversity and Unique Phylogenetic Status

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