Sequences regulating temporal poly(A) site switching in the adenovirus major late transcription unit.

DeZazzo, J D; Falck-Pedersen, Erik; Imperiale, Michael J.

doi:10.1128/mcb.11.12.5977

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition to the AAUAAA motif and the downstream GU-rich or U-rich element of mammalian systems, upstream sequences that contribute to the efficiency of mRNA 3Ј end formation were also identified in the mammalian viruses simian virus 40 (6,36), adenovirus (8,9), hepatitis B virus (29), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (3,11,12,38,39). These elements function in an orientation-and position-dependent manner, and several appear to be functionally analogous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3′-end-forming signals of yeast mRNA

Guo

Sherman²

1996

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

153

126

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3′-end-forming signals of yeast mRNA

Guo

Sherman²

1996

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

153

126

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“…Sequences that enhance 3' processing have been identified upstream of the SV40 late (Carswell and Alwine 1989;Schek et al 1992), adenovirus L1 (DeZazzo and Imperiale 1989;DeZazzo et al 1991a), L3 (Prescott andFalck-Pedersen 1992, 1994), and L4 (Sittler et al 1994), hepatitis B virus (Russnak and Ganem !990;Russnak 1991;Cherrington et al 1992), and HIV-1 (Brown et al 1991;DeZazzo et al 1991b;Valsamakis et al 1991;Cherrington and Ganem 1992) core poly(A) sites. These elements function in an orientationand position-dependent manner, and several appear to be functionally analogous (Russnak and Ganem 1990;Valsamakis et al 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CPSF recognition of an HIV-1 mRNA 3'-processing enhancer: multiple sequence contacts involved in poly(A) site definition.

Gilmartin¹,

Fleming²,

Oetjen³

et al. 1995

Genes Dev.

119

141

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The endonucleolytic cleavage and polyadenylation of a pre-mRNA in mammalian cells requires two c/s-acting elements, a highly conserved AAUAAA hexamer and an amorphous U-or GU-rich downstream element, that together constitute the "core" poly(A) site. The terminal redundancy of the HIV-1 pre-mRNA requires that the processing machinery disregard a core poly(A) site at the 5' end of the transcript, and efficiently utilize an identical signal that resides near the 3' end. Efficient processing at the 3' core poly(A) site, both in vivo and in vitro, has been shown to require sequences 76 nucleotides upstream of the AAUAAA hexamer. In this report we demonstrate that this HIV-1 upstream element interacts directly with the 160-kD subunit of CPSF (cleavage polyadenylation specificity factor), the factor responsible for the recognition of the AAUAAA hexamer. The presence of the upstream element in the context of the AAUAAA hexamer directs the stable binding of CPSF to the pre-mRNA and enhances the efficiency of poly(A) addition in reactions reconstituted with purified CPSF and recombinant poly(A) polymerase. Our results indicate that the dependence of HIV-1 3' processing on upstream sequences is a consequence of the suboptimal sequence context of the AAUAAA hexamer. We suggest that poly(A) site definition involves the recognition of multiple heterogeneous sequence elements in the context of the AAUAAA hexamer.

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“…For example, we and others have demonstrated that regulatory sequences upstream and downstream of the L1 poly(A) site are necessary for the predominant use of the L1 site early in infection (39,44), that splice sites are not involved (41), and that binding of CPSF to the pre-mRNA is stabilized by these regulatory sequences (53). Our present results allow us to modify this model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, an EcoRI site was introduced contiguous to the hexanucleotide so as to facilitate sequence verification by restriction digest. pL1SV contains an SV40 poly(A) site in place of the L1 and L3 sites, but retains sequences upstream of the L1 site such that it is still recognized by the S1 probes (39). Total RNA isolated from cells transfected with this plasmid was added to samples after the processing reactions were complete, to control for poly(A) ϩ mRNA recovery through the rest of the experimental procedures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pML1ϩ170-L3, which contains the L1 and L3 poly(A) sites in a eukaryotic transcription unit (39), was used in the transcription-processing reactions (40). pGL1ϩ170-L3, which was used to produce T7 RNA polymerase synthesized pre-mRNA, was created by cloning the XbaI fragment containing the L1 and L3 poly(A) sites from pML1ϩ170-L3 into the XbaI site in pGEM-3Zf(ϩ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

RNA Polymerase II-dependent Positional Effects on mRNA 3′ End Processing in the Adenovirus Major Late Transcription Unit

Ahuja

Karow

Kilpatrick

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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During the early phase of adenovirus infection, the promoter-proximal L1 poly(A) site in the major late transcription unit is used preferentially despite the fact that the distal L3 poly(A) site is stronger (i.e. it competes better for processing factors and is cleaved at a faster rate, in vitro). Previous work had established that this was due at least in part to the stable binding of the processing factor, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor, to the L1 poly(A) site as mediated by specific regulatory sequences. It is now demonstrated that in addition, the L1 poly(A) site has a positional advantage because of its 5 location in the transcription unit. We also show that preferential processing of a particular poly(A) site in a complex transcription unit is dependent on RNA polymerase II. Our results are consistent with recent reports demonstrating that the processing factors cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor and cleavage stimulatory factor are associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; thus, processing at a weak poly(A) site like L1 can be enhanced by virtue of its being the first site to be transcribed.

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Sequences regulating temporal poly(A) site switching in the adenovirus major late transcription unit.

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

3′-end-forming signals of yeast mRNA

3′-end-forming signals of yeast mRNA

CPSF recognition of an HIV-1 mRNA 3'-processing enhancer: multiple sequence contacts involved in poly(A) site definition.

RNA Polymerase II-dependent Positional Effects on mRNA 3′ End Processing in the Adenovirus Major Late Transcription Unit

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