Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for the removal of Hg2+ and Cd2+ from synthetic petrochemical factory wastewater

Malakahmad, Amirhossein; Hasani, A H; Eisakhani, Mahdieh; Isa, Mohamed Hasnain

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.045

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The poor performance of the microorganisms from phase 4-8 could be attributed to high concentration of copper. Similar observation was made by Malakahmad et al [13] in their study of Hg 2+ and Cd…”

Section: Testing Proceduressupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Slight toxicity and shock effect on the microbial population was observed as shown by the reduction of copper removal efficiency and MLVSS. This observation has been made by other works during the removal of Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ from synthetic petrochemical wastewater using sequencing batch reactors (SBR) [13]. However, it could be said that MIRHA influenced the resistance of the biomass towards copper toxicity.…”

Section: Copper Removal By Mirha Reactormentioning

confidence: 63%

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Comparison of the effect of two support materials on copper removal from aqueous solution in the activated sludge process

Kutty

Ezechi

Khaw

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Two support materials, microwave incinerated rice husk ash (MIRHA) and groundwater treatment plant sludge (GWTPS), were used as support materials for biomass in the removal of copper from aqueous solution during a continuous flow study. A third reactor containing biomass alone without the addition of support material (RB) was used as a control to monitor the performance of the support materials. All reactors were given 15 days for the acclimatization of biomass. The reactors containing MIRHA and GWTPS were given an additional 10 days for acclimation after the addition of the support materials on day 15. All reactors were identically designed with a size of 8.5 L and operated at a flowrate of 7 L/d and SRT of 30 days across 8 different phases. Different concentrations of Cu(II) ranging from 0.5 mg/L to 15 mg/L were applied to the reactors at different phases. Results obtained from each phase of the experiments showed that GWTPS and MIRHA improved copper toxicity resistance in their respective reactors. For the control reactor (RB), copper toxicity was significant and violated the DOE Malaysia copper effluent standard at phase 5 (influent concentration 2 mg/L) whereas MIRHA and GWTPS reactors violated the DOE Malaysia copper effluent standard at phase 7 (influent concentration 10 mg/L) respectively. However, GWTPS containing reactor showed slightly better support for toxicity resistance than reactor MIRHA. The toxicity of copper on the three reactors was observed in the reduction of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) within each reactor. For the control, MLVSS rapidly decreased from phase 3 to phase 8 whereas MIRHA and GWTPS reactors increased from phase 3 to phase 6 and decreased from phase 7 to phase 8. These results have shown that MIRHA and GWTPS have the potential of improving biomass resistance to toxicity of heavy metals.

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Section: Testing Proceduressupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Copper Removal By Mirha Reactormentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparison of the effect of two support materials on copper removal from aqueous solution in the activated sludge process

Kutty

Ezechi

Khaw

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…Relatively low concentration of heavy metals may serve to stimulate biological systems. However, any increase in concentration of toxic materials may decrease stimulation and eventually result in the system becoming inhibited [15,22]. While, nickel with concentrations of 2.4 and 2.6 mg/L were introduced to the system, acclimatization was achieved based on COD removal efficiency after each increment in nickel concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of SBR is feasible since the system operates in a simple tank and the need of a clarifier is eliminated. Moreover, SBR system is also flexible in operation, controllable in reaction time and has perfect quiescent settling [13][14][15]. SBR gives high efficiency in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Suspended Solid (SS) removal (89-98% and 85-97%, respectively) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for treatment of refinery wastewater containing nickel

Malakahmad¹,

Ishak²,

Isa³

et al. 2012

Water Pollution XI

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A petroleum refinery is a complex combination of interdependent industrial processes that generate wastewater effluent containing hydrocarbons, heavy metals and dissolved minerals which cause harmful effects to human and environment. While physicochemical systems are widely accepted as effective methods for treatment of industrial wastewater, biological processes are beginning to play an increasing role in the treatment of metal containing effluents. The objective of the present study is to investigate the biological treatment of refinery wastewater containing nickel. The SBR performance was assessed by measuring Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS), Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid (MLVSS) as well as nickel concentrations. The SBR was operated on a 12-hour cycle basis which consisted of five distinct modes: fill, react, settle, draw, and idle. The wastewater was brought from an equalization tank of a refinery plant and was fed to the reactor after characterization. The nickel concentration ranged from 2.3 to 2.6 mg/L. The experimental results demonstrate COD and nickel removal efficiencies of 70-90% and 77-80%, respectively.

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“…In the last few years, the biosorption process has been widely studied with different types of biosorbents and process parameters, primarily at the laboratory scale. At small scale, biosorption has been carried out in batch reactors (mostly) (Malakahmad et al 2011;Khouni et al 2012) or column reactors (Cheknane et al 2012;Rubilar et al 2012;Singh et al 2012). Biosorption has been used as a process for metal ion removal or recovery from solution as an alternative to conventional processes based on adsorption by activated carbon (Veligo and Beolchini 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Plant Conversion of Blackcurrant Seeds into New Micronutrient Fertilizer Biocomponents via Biosorption

et al. 2015

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A new approach for micronutrient fertilizer biocomponent production based on blackcurrant seeds is presented. Blackcurrant seeds constitute a by-product from the production of jellies, jams, and juices. New environmental-friendly fertilizers with micronutrients were produced in the pilot plant as alternative sustainable fertilizers to conventional options. Post-extraction residues, obtained after supercritical CO2 extraction was conducted on blackcurrant seeds, were used. In each process, 15 kg of biosorbent was used. Good sorption capacity was achieved (6.48 mg/g for Zn(II), 13.9 mg/g for Cu(II) and 5.88 mg/g for Mn (II)). The adsorption kinetics was described using different kinetic models; the most suitable were the Nelson-Yoon and Thomas models. The new preparation has application-friendly form (micro-granules) and is nontoxic. For a dose of 2.5 kg of zinc, 1 kg of manganese, and 0.5 kg of copper per hectare (often used in vegetable fertilization), approximately 600 kg of mixed end product is required. The cost of fertilization with current scale technology will be about four times higher than that of conventional technology (including depreciation of equipment), but with process scale-up, it is possible to reduce costs even twice over.

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Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for the removal of Hg2+ and Cd2+ from synthetic petrochemical factory wastewater

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of the effect of two support materials on copper removal from aqueous solution in the activated sludge process

Comparison of the effect of two support materials on copper removal from aqueous solution in the activated sludge process

Application of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for treatment of refinery wastewater containing nickel

Pilot Plant Conversion of Blackcurrant Seeds into New Micronutrient Fertilizer Biocomponents via Biosorption

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