Sequential determination of 210Po and uranium radioisotopes in drinking water by alpha-particle spectrometry

Benedik, Ljudmila; Matei, Vasile; Spasova, Y.; Wätjen, U.

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.033

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Iron oxide nanoparticles provide a high-surface-area material with an intrinsic chemical affinity for heavy metals and radionuclides (Filipska and Stamberg 2006;Granizo and Missana 2009;Hu et al 2005;Lujaniene et al 2009;Navratil 2001;Sadeghi et al 2010;Yavuz et al 2006;Das et al 2010). Manganese-containing oxides have also shown a high affinity toward a number of radionuclides (Ayaz and DeVol 2003;Benedik et al 2009;Granados et al 2004;Koulouris 1995;Mateos et al 2000;Serrano and Garcia 1998), and thus the inclusion of manganese into the magnetic iron oxide core was pursued. The materials can be dispersed easily into solution and collected rapidly with moderate magnetic fields that can be provided with either permanent magnets or electromagnets (Yavuz et al 2006(Yavuz et al , 2009.…”

Section: Advanced Sorbent Materials For Alpha Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Rapid Extraction and Assay of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides From Urine: Demonstration of a Novel Radiobioassay Method

O’Hara

Carter²,

MacLellan³

et al. 2011

Health Physics

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In the event of an accidental or intentional release of radionuclides into a populated area, massive numbers of people may require radiobioassay screening as triage for dose-reduction therapy or identification for longer-term follow-up. If the event released significant levels of beta- or alpha-emitting radionuclides, in vivo assays would be ineffective. Therefore, highly efficient and rapid analytical methods for radionuclide detection from submitted spot urine samples (≤50 mL) would be required. At present, the quantitative determination of alpha-emitting radionuclides from urine samples is highly labor intensive and requires significant time to prepare and analyze samples. Sorbent materials that provide effective collection and enable rapid assay could significantly streamline the radioanalytical process. The authors have demonstrated the use of magnetic nanoparticles as a novel method of extracting media for four alpha-emitting radionuclides of concern (polonium, radium, uranium and americium) from chemically-unmodified and pH-2 human urine. Herein, the initial experimental sorption results are presented along with a novel method that uses magnetic nanoparticles to extract radionuclides from unmodified human urine and then collect the magnetic field-induced particles for subsequent alpha-counting-source preparation. Additionally, a versatile human dose model is constructed that determines the detector count times required to estimate dose at specific protective-action thresholds. The model provides a means to assess a method's detection capabilities and uses fundamental health physics parameters and actual experimental data as core variables. The modeling shows that, with effective sorbent materials, rapid screening for alpha-emitters is possible with a 50-mL urine sample collected within 1 wk of exposure/intake.

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Section: Advanced Sorbent Materials For Alpha Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Rapid Extraction and Assay of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides From Urine: Demonstration of a Novel Radiobioassay Method

O’Hara

Carter²,

MacLellan³

et al. 2011

Health Physics

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“…Polonium and uranium extractions from the samples were carried out according to the procedure of sequential separation, which is a modification of the method proposed by Benedik et al [33]. Polonium and uranium were co-precipitated with iron (III) oxide-hydroxide using 2-5 cm 3 of iron chloride and appropriate amount of ammonia to obtain pH 7-8 [34].…”

Section: Alpha Source Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the activity and the average annual dose of absorbed uranium and polonium in drinking water from Warsaw

Sekudewicz

Gąsiorowski

2018

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Uranium and polonium isotopes were measured in tap water and groundwater from the Warsaw area (Poland). The mean values of 210 Po, 234 U and 238 U in surface intakes were 0.12, 3.91 and 2.75 mBq dm −3 and for deep water intakes were 0.25, 0.24 and 0.20 mBq dm −3 , respectively. The annual dose absorbed as a result of the consumption of drinking water by a inhabitant was calculated on the basis of measurements of polonium and uranium activity. The calculated value is only a negligible part (approximately 0.02%) of the dose taken from natural sources, which is estimated at 2.4 mSv year −1 .

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“…Therefore, human beings are at risk of ingestion of Po-210 through drinking water and exposure to annual effective doses for a long time. Moreover, Po-210 is considered as one of the primary sources of alpha exposure [ 5 ] to human beings through ingestion via drinking water [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Alam and Mohamed [ 5 ] also reported Po-210 is about 250,000 times more toxic than hydrogen cyanide; therefore, it could be carcinogenic if ingested through drinking water [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk of Polonium 210 Ingestion via Drinking Water: An Experience of Malaysia

Ahmed

Alam

Mohamed

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The presence of toxic polonium-210 (Po-210) in the environment is due to the decay of primordial uranium-238. Meanwhile, several studies have reported elevated Po-210 radioactivity in the rivers around the world due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, the primary source of Po-210 in Langat River, Malaysia might be the natural weathering of granite rock along with mining, agriculture and industrial activities. Hence, this is the first study to determine the Po-210 activity in the drinking water supply chain in the Langat River Basin to simultaneously predict the human health risks of Po-210 ingestion. Therefore, water samples were collected in 2015–2016 from the four stages of the water supply chain to analyze by Alpha Spectrometry. Determined Po-210 activity, along with the influence of environmental parameters such as time-series rainfall, flood incidents and water flow data (2005–2015), was well within the maximum limit for drinking water quality standard proposed by the Ministry of Health Malaysia and World Health Organization. Moreover, the annual effective dose of Po-210 ingestion via drinking water supply chain indicates an acceptable carcinogenic risk for the populations in the Langat Basin at 95% confidence level; however, the estimated annual effective dose at the basin is higher than in many countries. Although several studies assume the carcinogenic risk of Po-210 ingestion to humans for a long time even at low activity, however, there is no significant causal study which links Po-210 ingestion via drinking water and cancer risk of the human. Since the conventional coagulation method is unable to remove Po-210 entirely from the treated water, introducing a two-layer water filtration system at the basin can be useful to achieve SDG target 6.1 of achieving safe drinking water supplies well before 2030, which might also be significant for other countries.

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Sequential determination of 210Po and uranium radioisotopes in drinking water by alpha-particle spectrometry

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

Investigation of Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Rapid Extraction and Assay of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides From Urine: Demonstration of a Novel Radiobioassay Method

Investigation of Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Rapid Extraction and Assay of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides From Urine: Demonstration of a Novel Radiobioassay Method

Determination of the activity and the average annual dose of absorbed uranium and polonium in drinking water from Warsaw

Health Risk of Polonium 210 Ingestion via Drinking Water: An Experience of Malaysia

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