Sequential determination of Cd and Cr in biomass samples and their ashes using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Abstract

High-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, because of the use of only one radiation source for all elements, offers the possibility of sequential determination of two or more elements from the same sample aliquot if their volatilities are significantly different. Cd and Cr were determined sequentially in samples of biomass and biomass ashes employing direct solid sample analysis. The use of a chemical modifier was found to be not necessary, and calibration could be carried out using aqueous standard solutions. A pyrolysis temperature of 400°C and an atomization temperature of 1500°C were used for the determination of Cd; no losses of Cr were observed at this temperature. After the atomization of Cd the wavelength was changed and Cr atomized at 2600°C. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 1.1 μg kg(-1) and 3.7 μg kg(-1), respectively, for Cd and 21 μg kg(-1) and 70 μg kg(-1), respectively, for Cr using the most sensitive line at 357.869 nm, or 90 μg kg(-1) and 300 μg kg(-1), respectively, using the less sensitive line at 428.972 nm. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation was around 10%, which is typical for direct solid sample analysis. The values found for Cd in biomass samples were between <1.1 µg kg(-1) and 789 µg kg(-1), whereas those for Cr were between 7.9 mg kg(-1) and 89 mg kg(-1); the values found in the ashes were significantly lower for Cd, between <1.1 µg kg(-1) and 6.3 µg kg(-1), whereas the trend was not so clear for Cr, where the values were between 3.4 mg kg(-1) and 28 mg kg(-1).

Effects of Achyrocline satureioides Inflorescence Extracts against Pathogenic Intestinal Bacteria: Chemical Characterization, In Vitro Tests, and In Vivo Evaluation

“…The samples (0.01 to 0.30 mg) were weighed directly on the direct solid sampling (SS) platform and introduced into the HR-CS SS-GF AAS to determine cadmium, chromium, and lead concentrations. The instrumental parameters were optimized, and the method was adopted per a previous report [ 21 ].…”

Simultaneous determination of V, Ni and Fe in fuel fly ash using solid sampling high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

“…The simultaneous determination of several elements requires atomic lines in the same spectral window, which means, the atomic lines selected must be closely adjacent to be truly simultaneously monitored by the narrow spectral window of the detector (closer than 0.2 nm) [26,27] and, moreover, these lines should show adequate sensitivity for all the target elements. Furthermore, when attempting a simultaneous determination the thermo-chemical behavior of the analytes in a graphite furnace (e.g., volatility and potential to interact with C) needs to be considered since, the more similar these are, the easier it will be to develop a simultaneous method [28][29][30].…”

Characterization of dietary constituents and antioxidant capacity of Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam.

“…The mineral content analysis was carried in an instrument of high-resolution atomic absorption spectrometer of continuum source equipped with a graphite furnace (HR-CS GF AAS) and a flame atomizer (HR-CS FAAS). Cadmium and chromium were analyzed in the graphite furnace atomizer compartment at 228.802 and 357.869 nm, respectively (Duarte et al 2013). An air-acetylene flame was used for the determination of Cu (324.754 nm), Fe (248.327 nm), K (404.720 nm), Mg (202.582 nm), Na (589.592 nm), Rb (780.027 nm), and Zn (231.857 nm) content, while a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame was used to determine Ca (239.856 nm) content.…”