Sequential effects in discrete-trials instrumental escape conditioning.

Seybert, Jeffrey A.; Mellgren, Roger L.; Jobe, Jared B.; Eckert, Ed

doi:10.1037/h0020077

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Since the present study dealt with aversive conditioning, some might be hesitant to accept the theoretical explanations given for our results. However, the aforementioned theoretical processes thought to regulate persistence in reward conditioning have recently been shown to operate in escape conditioning (e.g., Mellgren, Nation & Wrather, 1975;Seybert, Mellgren, Jobe, & Eckert, 1974). It seems, therefore, that our results indeed do fall within theoretical boundary conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Persistence training: A partial reinforcement procedure for reversing learned helplessness and depression.

Nation¹,

Massad²

1978

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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This article examines the relative merits of either partial or continuous (total) success therapy as a device for reversing learned helplessness and depression in humans. College students experienced (a) no treatment followed by either abbreviated (20 trials) or extended (40 trials) continuous success therapy, (b) soluble problems followed by either abbreviated or extended continuous success therapy, (c) insoluble problems followed by either abbreviated or extended continuous success therapy, or (d) insoluble problems followed be either abbreviated or extended partial success therapy. Subsequently, subjects in all eight groups received 40 escape-extinction trials in which aversive tones were not controllable. The results of this experiment indicated that both continuous and partial success schedules were effective in reversing depressed responding (helplessness) induced by prior exposure to insoluble problems. However, only the partial success therapy schedules produced persistent escape responding in extinction. Also, across therapy procedures, extended therapy generated more response persistence in escape extinction than did abbreviated therapy. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and a compatible new treatment program, labeled persistence training, is introduced.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Persistence training: A partial reinforcement procedure for reversing learned helplessness and depression.

Nation¹,

Massad²

1978

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…Thus, the present results are consistent with Amsel's (1958) nonsequential theory of extinction performance and differ from the outcome predicted by the sequential effects hypothesis (Capaldi, 1964(Capaldi, , 1967. The results of the present experiment also differ from those reported by Seybert, Mellgren, Jobe, and Eckert (1974). In their smalltrial shock-escape experiments, it was found that the number of N-R transitions and N-length, both st.".Jential variables, affected resistance to extinction.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Effects of percent relief and number of N-R transitions on extinction in relief conditioning

Millard

Johnston

Woods

1978

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…Retrieving the memory of 20 pellets on Trial 3 of the 20-0-20 series apparently resulted in that memory's elevating speed on Trial 2 of that series. 351 Rats remember hedonic events such as reinforcement and nonreinforcement, and these memories can exercise considerable control over responding in a wide variety of instrumental learning tasks (e.g., Capaldi, 1966;Capaldi, Verry, & Davidson, 1980;Grosslight & Radlow, 19S6;Haggbloom, 1980;Haggbloom & Tillman, 1980;Seybert, Mellgren, Jobe, & Eckert, 1974).Understanding this behavioral control, however, depends upon how many hedonic events are remembered in particular situations: the animal may remember only the immediately prior hedonic event (single-event hedonic memory) or two or more prior hedonic events (multiple-event hedonic memory). The single-event hypothesis has proved capable of explaining a widevariety of instrumental learning effects (see, e.g., Capaldi, Nawrocki, & Verry, 1982;Capaldi et a1., 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple hedonic memory: Memory for more than one hedonic event in rats

Capaldi

Verry

Nawrocki

1982

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In each of two investigations, rats ran in a runway to obtain varying quantities of foodpellets presented in a fixed order, such as 20-0-20. The major finding was that rats ran faster on a O· pellet trial if that trial was followed shortly by a 20-pellettrial (e.g., 20-0-20 series)than if it was not (e.g., 20-0 series). This finding was obtained both within groups (Experiment 1)and between groups (Experiment 2), and suggested that the memory of 20 pellets arising from the first trial of the 20-0-20 series was retrieved not only on the second trial of the series, thereby signaling 0 pellets, but on the third trial as well, thereby also signaling 20 pellets. Retrieving the memory of 20 pellets on Trial 3 of the 20-0-20 series apparently resulted in that memory's elevating speed on Trial 2 of that series.351

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Sequential effects in discrete-trials instrumental escape conditioning.

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Persistence training: A partial reinforcement procedure for reversing learned helplessness and depression.

Persistence training: A partial reinforcement procedure for reversing learned helplessness and depression.

Effects of percent relief and number of N-R transitions on extinction in relief conditioning

Multiple hedonic memory: Memory for more than one hedonic event in rats

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