Sequential Hypothesis of sleep function. V. Lengthening of post-trial SS episodes in reminiscent rats

Ambrosini, Maria Vittoria; Mariucci, Giuseppina; Bruschelli, G; Colarieti, Lorenza; Giuditta, Antonio

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00143-7

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation Review alternative possibility, the 'double-step' hypothesis, assumes that the succession of NREMS and REMS was required for optimal memory consolidation [46], whatever the memory system considered. Some evidence has supported this hypothesis in animal experiments [47][48][49][50][51]. In humans, the evidence remains scarce.…”

Section: Behavioral Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation

Bourdiec¹,

Muto²,

Mascetti³

et al. 2009

Future Neurol.

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A growing body of evidence indicates that sleep promotes memory consolidation; the protracted process by which fresh, labile memories are reorganized into stable memories [1]. Although the first evidence for this effect was collected more than a century ago [2], the potential underlying neural mechanisms are only just beginning to be conceptualized and characterized experimentally.Memory consolidation is a hackneyed expression that may take different meanings. At the cellular level, consolidation is often framed in terms of long-term experience-dependent changes in neural responsiveness, usually resulting from modifications in synaptic strength (Figure 1) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. At the systems level, consolidation relates to the progressive reorganization of memories within brain circuits [20][21]. From a behavioral perspective, consolidation refers to an improvement of performance between practice sessions or a reduction of vulnerability of a memory trace after the acquisition of a novel skill [22][23], although other phenomena such as automatization [24][25] or generalization [26] might also be considered as behavioral markers of memory consolidation (Figure 1).It is therefore not surprising that the effects of sleep on memory consolidation were reported at various levels of description. The early studies assessed the effects of sleep on different memory systems at the behavioral level. They contrasted the influence of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) with rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) on declarative and procedural memories, respectively. As the understanding of the effects of sleep on memory consolidation progressed, the hypotheses were increasingly framed in terms of the neural processes occurring during NREMS or REMS, and specifically, those associated with phasic events such as slow waves, spindles or phasic REMS. This paper is organized into five sections. The first section summarizes the key findings of behavioral studies that suggest an effect of sleep on memory. Earlier reviews have already covered these results in detail [27][28][29][30][31]. The present article highlights recent data that call for a reappraisal of these effects that, although indisputable, seem quantitatively modest. The article also emphasizes the higher sensitivity of neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures in characterizing the effects of sleep on memory. The following sections review the two main hypotheses that are currently being tested, namely the homeostatic synaptic downscaling and the sleep-dependent systems-level consolidation. The final two sections emphasize the intervention of post-training REMs and wakefulness in memory processing. Behavioral effectsThe recognition of different memory systems helped to characterize the effects of sleep on memory consolidation (Figure 2). On the procedural side, spontaneous gains in performance in a motor sequence learning task were observed between initial training and later testing, specifically if the interval included sleep rather ...

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Section: Behavioral Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation

Bourdiec¹,

Muto²,

Mascetti³

et al. 2009

Future Neurol.

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“…For some years, our laboratory has also been interested in evaluating the role of cerebral DNA and sleep during avoidance response acquisition and retention (Scaroni et al, 1983;Ambrosini et al, 1988aAmbrosini et al, , b, 1992Ambrosini et al, , 1995Ambrosini et al, , 1997Langella et al, 1992;Mariucci et al, 1992). On the whole, our studies demonstrated that avoidance learning influences synthesis of cerebral DNA and produces significant effects on postacquisition sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The learning criterion we fixed corresponded to 60% of correct responses (i.e., avoidances) in one session (Scaroni et al, 1983;Giuditta et al, 1985). Learning rats (L rats) usually reached learning threshold in the last session (Scaroni et ai, 1983;Ambrosini et al, 1995). When tested the day after training, L rats showed very good retention (Ambrosini et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Learning rats (L rats) usually reached learning threshold in the last session (Scaroni et ai, 1983;Ambrosini et al, 1995). When tested the day after training, L rats showed very good retention (Ambrosini et al, 1995). A wide behavioural variability was shown by animals unable to attain the learning criterion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, non-learning rats (NL rats) performed varying numbers of avoidances, escapes and freezings. In the test session carried out the following day, most of them showed an improved performance (reminiscent rats) (Ambrosini et al, 1995). Only very few rats showed freezing reaction alone (F rats) (Ambrosini etal, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wistar rats retain for months memory of active avoidance learned behaviour

Mariucci

Bruschelli

Colarieti

et al. 1998

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Male and female Wistar rats, aged 3 months, were massively trained (3.5 h) for a two-way avoidance task and tested for retention (30 min) the following day. Some of them were subjected to a brief test (30 min) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 months. At 3 months, male rats scored more avoidances and a lower number of escapes, freezings, and intertrial crossings than females; in the test session, both groups improved their performance. Over time, male rats maintained the avoidance score displayed at 3 months. Female rats improved their performance at 5 and 10 months and then, at 20 months, they returned to the level attained at 3 months. These data suggest that active avoidance learning in young animals is fixed as permanent functional changes in the neuronal network of the brain which make aged rats, as well as young adult rats, able to master the task.

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Training old rats selectively modulates synaptosomal protein synthesis

Eyman

Cefaliello

Mandile

et al. 2012

J of Neuroscience Research

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We have previously shown that the local synthesis of two synaptic proteins of 66.5-kDa and 87.6-kDa is selectively enhanced in male adult rats trained for a two-way active avoidance task. We report here that a comparable but not identical response occurs in 2-year-old male rats trained for the same task. In the latter age group, the local synthesis of the 66.5-kDa protein markedly increases in cerebral cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum, with a somewhat lower increment in synthesis of the 87.6-kDa protein. On the other hand, the newly synthesized 87.6-kDa protein correlates with avoidances and escapes and inversely correlates with freezings in cerebral cortex and brainstem, whereas the correlations of the newly synthesized 66.5-kDa protein remain below significance. These correlative patterns are sharply at variance with those present in trained adult rats. Our data confirm that the local system of synaptic protein synthesis is selectively modulated by training and show that the synaptic response of old rats differs from that of adult rats as reflected in behavioral responses.

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Sequential Hypothesis of sleep function. V. Lengthening of post-trial SS episodes in reminiscent rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation

Contribution of sleep to memory consolidation

Wistar rats retain for months memory of active avoidance learned behaviour

Training old rats selectively modulates synaptosomal protein synthesis

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