“…Structural reliability analysis has been extensively studied, and various methods have been proposed to estimate failure probability (FP) for complex structures, including the Advanced First Order Second Moment (AFOSM) (Hasofer and Lind), the moment method (Zhao and Ono), the second order reliability method (Hohenbichler and Rackwitz), the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) (Liu), the importance sampling (IS) (Melchers, Tang et al, Dai et al, and Papaioannou et al), the subset simulation (Au and Beck and Li and Au), the line sampling (LS) (Schuëller et al and Depina et al), the directional sampling (Jinsuo and Ellingwood), the response surface method (RSM) (Rajashekhar and Ellingwood and Zhou et al), the dimension reduction (Xu and Rahman, Rahman and Wei, Wei and Rahman, and Li and Ma), the polynomial chaos expansion (Sudret and Der Kiureghian and Berveiller), the eigenvector dimension reduction (Byeng et al), the asymptotic sampling (Bucher, Tang et al, and Tang et al), the hierarchical clustering (Yin and Ahsan Kareem), and many other techniques. These methods have considerably promoted the state‐of‐the‐art in the structural reliability analysis.…”