Sequential Soil Analysis in Exploration Geochemistry

Gatehouse, S.G.; Russell, David W.; Moort, J.C. van

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-41653-7.50037-8

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The selectivity feature of these reagents taken individually for a given type of soil component has already been discussed (De Endredy, 1963;Segalen, 1970;Schwertmann, 1973;Gatehouse et al, 1977). Many studies have investigated the complex dissolution mechanisms and their controlling parameters (Stone, 1987;Suter et al, 1991;Cornell and Schwertmann, 1996;Nesbitt et al, 1998;Dold, 1999Dold, , 2003aDold, , 2003b and tried to enhance the selectivity of the dissolution leaches (Schwertmann, 1964;Fischer, 1976;Reyes and Torrent, 1997).…”

Section: Sequential Chemical Extractionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mobilisation of arsenic at the Talhadas old mining area—Central Portugal

Patinha

Silva

Fonseca

2004

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Section: Sequential Chemical Extractionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mobilisation of arsenic at the Talhadas old mining area—Central Portugal

Patinha

Silva

Fonseca

2004

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…The sequential extraction experiment for arsenic was performed on duplicate samples of rock and was developed on the basis of the studies of Olada and Fletcher (1974), Gatehouse et al (1977), Wadge and Hutton (1987), Ure (1993) and Xie et al (1998). According to Xie et al (1998), we determined the following sequential extraction experiment procedure: (1) Fraction I: 'exchangeable arsenic', the starting 2 g sample was shaken at room temperature for 1 h with 20 ml 1 M MgCl 2 at pH 7, then separated at room temperature for 40 min using a 4000 rpm centrifuge machine; (2) Fraction II: 'carbonate-bound arsenic', the residue from step 1 above was shaken for 5 h at room temperature with 20 mL 1 M sodium acetate adjusted to pH 5.0 with acetic acid, then separated using a centrifugal machine; (3) Fraction III: 'sulfides-bound arsenic', 2 g KClO 3 was added to the residue from step 2 above and was then shaken for 30 min at room temperature with 20 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid, thereafter the above solution was diluted with 20 mL distilled water and the supernatant was separated; the residue was then transferred into a beaker and was extracted for 20 min with 10 mL 4 M nitric acid at a slow fire setting, finally, the solution, was diluted with 20 mL distilled water and separated using a centrifuge machine; (4) Fraction IV: 'residual arsenic', the residue from step 3 was digested with a 2:1:1 mixture of HF (40%), HClO 4 (69%), and HNO 3 (65%) in a PTFE bomb to almost dryness at 125°C, thereafter the residue was diluted with 2 mL HNO 3 and evaporated at 125°C to almost dryness (twice); finally the residue was diluted with 5 mL HNO 3 , filtered, and brought to 100 mL with distilled water.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental geochemistry study of arsenic in Western Hunan mining area, P.R. China

Zhang

2005

Environ Geochem Health

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The geochemical characteristics of arsenic in the soil of the Western Hunan mining area of P.R. China were systematically studied. The results show that the strata of Western Hunan are rich in arsenic and that Western Hunan is a geochemically abnormal region for arsenic. The experimental study on speciation in the strata also indicates that the speciation of arsenic in the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian strata are mainly easily transferred speciation (exchangeable, carbonate-bound, sulfides-bound), which are approaching or exceed 60%. Arsenic content in the main soil of Western Hunan is in the range of 8.8-22.8 mug g(-1), the mean value is 16.1 mug g(-1), which is larger than the arsenic background value of Hunan soil. The distribution of rock with high arsenic content or high easily transferred arsenic speciation is consistent with the distribution of high arsenic content soil. In the mining region, part soils and river/brook waters were polluted by mine tailings and mining/smelting waste water. The arsenic content in polluted paddy soils and river/brook water is 46.26-496.19 microg g(-1), 0.3-16.5 mgL(-1), respectively. The positive abnormality and pollution of arsenic in the soil and water affects the arsenic content of the crop and the inhabitants' health.

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“…Soluble, exchangeable, and chelated metal species are quite mobile and hence potentially available for plants and further steps in the food chain (Maiz et al, 1997). Many functional fractionation methods have been established (Gatehouse et al, 1977;Hirner et al, 1990;Miller and McFee, 1983;Tessier et al, 1979). The extraction procedure followed in the present work is based on the scheme introduced by Tessier et al (1979), a procedure widely employed on metal contaminated soil and sediment samples (Harrison et al, 1981;Hickey and Kittrick, 1984;Li et al, 1995a;Maiz et al, 1997;Kabala and Singh, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in organic-rich soil profiles in the vicinity of a zinc smelter

Svendsen

Steinnes

Blom

2011

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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A five-step sequential extraction procedure was applied to organic-rich soil samples from five soil profiles situated 1 -8 km from a zinc smelter. The partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu into five operationally defined fractions (exchangeable, ''carbonate''-bound, reducible, oxidizable, and residual) was studied at different soil depths down to 35 cm. In the surface soil (0 -1 cm) a major part of Pb and Cu was extracted in the oxidizable fraction, whereas for Zn and Cd slightly more was extracted in the ''carbonate''-fraction than in the other four fractions. Extracted metal proportions in the oxidizable fraction were respectively of the order of 30%, 20%, 50%, and 80% for Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in the surface soil for all sites, but these proportions decreased with soil depth. In the surface soil less than 20% of all the elements were extracted in the residual fraction, but the proportions associated with this fraction generally increased with soil depth. In the C-horizon, differences in extracted proportions of Pb and Cu in the residual fraction were probably due to geochemical factors, whereas for Zn the low extracted proportion at a highly contaminated site (20%) may be due to Zn migration to the C-horizon at this site. For Cd the extracted proportions in the C-horizon were lower than for the other elements, generally below 20%, presumably because Cd is weaker in terms of its adsorption to the soil than the other elements studied. Total concentrations of the metals decreased strongly with increasing distance from the smelter, but less systematic differences were observed for their distributions among fractions. Potentially bioavailable metal proportions (exchangeable þ ''carbonate''-bound fraction) in the surface soil were about 50%, 60%, 20%, and 10% for Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu, respectively. In C-horizon soil the mobility sequence Cd4Zn!Pb ¼ Cu was generally observed. The present results indicate that the concentrations and chemical fractionation of Zn, Pb, and Cd in these soils represent a considerable risk to natural terrestrial food chains.

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Sequential Soil Analysis in Exploration Geochemistry

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Mobilisation of arsenic at the Talhadas old mining area—Central Portugal

Mobilisation of arsenic at the Talhadas old mining area—Central Portugal

Environmental geochemistry study of arsenic in Western Hunan mining area, P.R. China

Partitioning of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu in organic-rich soil profiles in the vicinity of a zinc smelter

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