Serendipitous Discovery of a Physical Binary Quasar at z = 1.76

Abstract

Binary quasars are extremely rare objects, used to investigate clustering on very small scales at different redshifts. The cases where the two quasar components are gravitationally bound, known as physical binary quasars, can also exhibit enhanced astrophysical activity and therefore are of particular scientific interest.Here we present the serendipitous discovery of a physical pair of quasars with an angular separation of ∆θ = (8.76 ± 0.11) arcsec. The redshifts of the two quasars are consistent within the errors and measured as z = (1.76 ± 0.01). Under the motivated assumption that the pair does not arise from a single gravitationally lensed quasar, the resulting projected physical separation was estimated as (76 ± 1) kpc. For both targets we detected Si IV, C IV, C III], and Mg II emission lines.However, the two quasars show significantly different optical colours, one being among the most reddened quasars at z > 1.5 and the other with colours consistent with typical quasar colours at the same redshift. Therefore it is ruled out that the sources are a lensed system. This is our second serendipitous discovery of a pair of two quasars with different colours, having a separation 10 arcsec, which extends the very limited catalogue of known quasar pairs. We ultimately argue that the number of binary quasars may have been significantly underestimated in previous photometric surveys, due to the bias arising from paired quasars with very different colours.