Sergentomyia spp.: Breeding sites in vertisols and peri-domestic habitats in North West Ethiopia

Moncaz, Aviad; Kirstein, Oscar D.; Gebresellassie, Araya; Lemma, Wossenseged; Gebre-Michael, Teshome; Balkew, Meshesha; Belay, Shewaye; Hailu, Asrat; Warburg, Alon

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.05.005

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…over Phlebotomus spp. in the lowland area could be due to in the lowland area there are a number of breeding habitats which support the different species of this genus [26]. The predominance of Sergentomyia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on sand fly fauna and ecological analysis of Phlebotomus orientalis in the highland and lowland foci of kala-azar in northwestern Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as kala-azar is a growing health problem in Ethiopia with an estimated annual VL incidence between 3700 and 7400. The disease is mainly endemic in northwestern parts of the country. The aim of the current study was to determine the sand fly fauna and ecology of Phlebotomus orientalis in two endemic and ecologically distinct areas of northwestern Ethiopia.MethodsSand flies were collected using CDC light traps, sticky traps and pyrethrum spray catches from peri-domestic, mixed forest, farm field and indoor habitats from both Libo-Kemkem (May 2011-April 2012) and Metema (October 2012-September 2013) districts.ResultsA total of 51,411 sand fly specimens were collected and identified (10,776 from highland and 40, 635 from the lowland areas). Seven species were found in the highland area: two Phlebotomus spp. (P. orientalis and P. rodhaini) and five Sergentomyia species. Whereas 19 species were found in the lowland area: six Phlebotomus (P. orientalis, P. rodhaini, P. bergeroti, P. duboscqi, P. papatasi and P. martini) and 13 Sergentomyia species. Of the Phlebotomus spp., P. orientalis was the predominant species in both the highland (99.9%) and lowland (93.7%) areas. Indoor collections using pyrethrum spray catches and sticky traps indicated that P. orientalis has a strong exophilic and exophagic behaviors in both districts. In both areas, this species showed seasonal occurrence and showing abundance during the dry months (March-May/June) of the year and increasing in numbers till the rain season, when numbers dropped dramatically. Mean density of P. orientalis in the two areas had positive and significant correlation with mean temperature in light trap collections (P<0.05). However, mean density of P. orientalis in the two areas in sticky trap collections had positive and insignificant association with the temperature (P>0.05). Regarding the rainfall pattern, density of P. orientalis had negative and statistically insignificant correlation (for light trap collections for both areas) and significant correlation (for sticky trap collections for lowland area).ConclusionsThe current study indicated the variation in sand fly fauna between the highland and lowland districts, wherein, P. orientalis was found to be the most abundant Phlebotomus species. The study also determined that P. orientalis exhibits distinct seasonality, where its abundance increases during the dry season and disappears when the rainy period starts in both study areas. This entomological observation on the bionomics of P. orientalis provides significant evidence for considering vector control or preventive measures in the areas studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on sand fly fauna and ecological analysis of Phlebotomus orientalis in the highland and lowland foci of kala-azar in northwestern Ethiopia

et al. 2017

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“…Investigations of sand fly habitats have employed methods of directly searching for immature forms and indirectly searching for newly emerged adults in the Old and New Worlds (Forattini , Rutledge and Ellenwood , Arias and Freitas , Killick‐Kendrick , Mutinga et al Casanova , Alencar , Singh et al Alencar et al Moncaz et al , Parras et al Sangiorgi et al …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval habitats of sand flies in rural areas of southern Brazil

Reinhold-Castro

Gasparotto

Neitzke-Abreu

et al. 2015

Journal of Vector Ecology

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We report the results of an investigation of natural larval sand fly habitats in the Recanto Marista, Doutor Camargo municipality, Paraná state, Brazil, from May, 2010 to August, 2012. We used Alencar emergence traps (AT), experimental traps (ET), and soil samples incubated in a biochemical oxygen demand incubator. Eight sand flies were collected with ATs. One specimen was collected with an ET and 21 were collected in soil samples. The collected species were Brumptomyia brumpti, Micropygomyia ferreirana, Migonemyia bursiformis, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Pintomyia pessoai. The laval habitats of sand flies were located in the Recanto Marista, especially between tree roots, but the number of adults that emerged in the traps and soil samples was small despite the high density of sand flies that has been recorded in the Recanto Marista. Journal of Vector Ecology 40 (2): 269-276. 2015.

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“…males captured by emergence traps in the study of Moncaz et al . () indicates their high level of activity during the first night of their adult lives. Meanwhile, the proportion of ‘lazy’ unrotated males of P. orientalis was significantly lower (Moncaz et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, assessment of the rotation of external genitalia in males was successfully used to search for breeding sites of two important sandfly vectors of human leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus sergenti in Israel (Moncaz et al ., ) and Phlebotomus orientalis in Ethiopia (Moncaz et al ., ), and also to search for Sergentomyia spp. breeding sites in Ethiopia (Moncaz et al ., ). Males of Lutzomyia longipalpis with unrotated genitalia captured by emergence traps are also mentioned in the study by Casanova et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In phlebotomine sandfly males, permanent rotation occurs; the external genitalia rotate on the longitudinal body axis to reach their mature, 180 ∘ rotated position (Griffiths, 1972;Just, 1973). Therefore, males with unrotated or partially rotated external genitalia can be considered to have been captured during their first night of activity as adults and thus the location of their capture can reveal their breeding site (Moncaz et al, 2012(Moncaz et al, , 2014a(Moncaz et al, , 2014b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rotation of male genitalia in various species of phlebotomine sandfly

Votýpka

Pavlasova

Volfová

et al. 2015

Medical Vet Entomology

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Phlebotomine sandflies, vectors of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites that affect millions of people worldwide, breed in terrestrial biotopes. As immature stages are rarely accessible, the detection of their natural breeding sites is primarily based on findings of juvenile males with unrotated external genitalia. In males, permanent 180° rotation on the longitudinal body axis occurs soon after eclosion; however, no study has as yet addressed this aspect in detail. The present study describes the timing and duration of the rotation of male external genitalia in eight highly medically important sandfly species belonging to the genera Sergentomyia, Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus (all: Diptera: Psychodidae), kept under controlled laboratory conditions. The average duration of rotation was species-specific and varied from 12 h in Sergentomyia schwetzi to 33 h in Phlebotomus sergenti. Significant differences in rotation times were found among species, even between two closely related species of the subgenus Larroussius, Phlebotomus orientalis and Phlebotomus tobbi. The rotation of genitalia in all three studied genera was randomly oriented and similar numbers of clockwise and counter-clockwise events were observed. The study also addresses the effects of some external factors. In all species studied, rotation was not affected by the time of day of eclosion. Similarly, no differences in total rotation time were found between Phlebotomus papatasi males maintained at 25 and 20 °C, respectively. The present findings will assist in the search for natural breeding sites and in studies aimed at elucidating strategies for integrated sandfly and leishmaniasis control.

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Sergentomyia spp.: Breeding sites in vertisols and peri-domestic habitats in North West Ethiopia

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Studies on sand fly fauna and ecological analysis of Phlebotomus orientalis in the highland and lowland foci of kala-azar in northwestern Ethiopia

Studies on sand fly fauna and ecological analysis of Phlebotomus orientalis in the highland and lowland foci of kala-azar in northwestern Ethiopia

Larval habitats of sand flies in rural areas of southern Brazil

Rotation of male genitalia in various species of phlebotomine sandfly

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