Serial echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and function after large myocardial infarction in the rat.

Litwin, S.; Katz, Sidney; Douglas, Pamela S.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.1.345

Cited by 375 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Indeed, in humans, LA size or volume is closely associated with raised LV filling pressures (20) and serum natriuretic peptide (21). However, chamber diameters, except for LVDd, were not good predictors of high LVEDP at the early time point studied in the present investigation, a fact probably due to the incomplete LV remodeling process (2,22). It is possible that in the chronic phase LV diameters could be good predictors of high LVEDP, but this was not tested in previous studies (9,11).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…It could be argued that in this early phase soon after MI, diastolic dysfunction should be characterized by a pattern of delayed relaxation with an E/A ratio under 1. However, diastolic dysfunction in MI-induced HF in rats typically presents an elevation in E/A ratio (9,22,(23)(24)(25), as early as 2 (24) or 3 days after MI (25) and, to our knowledge, without a distinct phase of an E/A ratio below 1 preceding the development of a high E/A ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Rats with high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure can be identified by Doppler echocardiography one week after myocardial infarction

Saraiva¹,

Kanashiro‐Takeuchi²,

Antônio³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The severity of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) varies widely. Because homogeneity in baseline parameters is essential for experimental investigations, a study was conducted to establish whether Doppler echocardiography (DE) could accurately identify animals with high LV end-diastolic pressure as a marker of LV dysfunction soon after MI. Direct measurements of LV end-diastolic pressure were made and DE was performed simultaneously 1 week after surgically induced MI (N = 16) or shamoperation (N = 17) in female Wistar rats (200 to 250 g). The ratio of peak early (E) to late (A) diastolic LV filling velocities and the ratio of E velocity to peak early (E m ) diastolic myocardial velocity were the best predictors of high LV end-diastolic pressure (>12 mmHg) soon after MI. Cut-off values of 1.77 for the E/A ratio (P = 0.001) identified rats with elevated LV end-diastolic pressure with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Cut-off values of 20.4 for the E/E m ratio (P = 0.0001) identified rats with elevated LV end-diastolic pressure with 81.8% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Moreover, E/A and E/E m ratios were the only echocardiographic parameters independently associated with LV end-diastolic pressure in multiple linear regression analysis. Therefore, DE identifies rats with high LV end-diastolic pressure soon after MI. These findings have implications for using serial DE in animal selection and in the assessment of their response to experimental therapies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Rats with high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure can be identified by Doppler echocardiography one week after myocardial infarction

Saraiva¹,

Kanashiro‐Takeuchi²,

Antônio³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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show abstract

“…M-mode tracings were recorded at the level of the papillary muscles, and LV mass and fractional shortening were calculated. 18 The ratio of early to late filling velocity (E/A) of transmitral pulse-wave Doppler spectra was measured as described previously. 19 …”

Section: Echocardiographic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Growth Factor-β Function Blocking Prevents Myocardial Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction in Pressure-Overloaded Rats

et al. 2002

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Background-Excessive myocardial fibrosis impairs cardiac function in hypertensive hearts. Roles of transforming growth factor (TGF)-␤ in myocardial remodeling and cardiac dysfunction were examined in pressure-overloaded rats. Methods and Results-Pressure overload was induced by a suprarenal aortic constriction in Wistar rats. Fibroblast activation (proliferation and phenotype transition to myofibroblasts) was observed after day 3 and peaked at days 3 to 7. Thereafter, myocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis developed by day 28. At day 28, echocardiography showed normal left ventricular fractional shortening, but the decreased ratio of early to late filling velocity of the transmitral Doppler velocity and hemodynamic measurement revealed left ventricular end-diastolic pressure elevation, indicating normal systolic but abnormal diastolic function. Myocardial TGF-␤ mRNA expression was induced after day 3, peaked at day 7, and remained modestly increased at day 28. An anti-TGF-␤ neutralizing antibody, which was administered intraperitoneally daily from 1 day before operation, inhibited fibroblast activation and subsequently prevented collagen mRNA induction and myocardial fibrosis, but not myocyte hypertrophy. Neutralizing antibody reversed diastolic dysfunction without affecting blood pressure and systolic function. Conclusions-TGF-␤ plays a causal role in myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction through fibroblast activation in pressure-overloaded hearts. Our findings may provide an insight into a new therapeutic strategy to prevent myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded hearts.

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“…The anterior and posterior wall thickness of LV, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension, ejection fraction, ratio of trans-mitral early filling velocity to atrial filling, and LV mass index were measured by M-mode and pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography over three consecutive cardiac cycles according to the American Society of Echocardiography leading-edge method. 31 …”

Section: Measurements Of Hemodynamic and Echocardiographic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Inhibits Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Ueda

Yamagishi

Matsui

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have found that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits vascular inflammation through its anti-oxidative properties. However, effects of PEDF on cardiac remodeling after AMI remain unknown. We investigated whether PEDF could inhibit left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac function in rats with AMI. AMI was induced in 8-weekold Sprague-Dawley rats by ligation of the left ascending coronary artery. Rats were treated intravenously with vehicle or 10 g PEDF/100 g b.wt. every day for up to 2 weeks after AMI. Each rat was followed until 16 weeks of age. PEDF levels in infarcted areas and serum were significantly decreased at 1 week after AMI and remained low during the observational periods. PEDF administration inhibited apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress generation around the infarcted areas at 2 and 8 weeks after AMI. Further, PEDF injection suppressed cardiac fibrosis by reducing transforming growth factor-␤ and type III collagen expression, improved left ventricular ejection fraction, ameliorated diastolic dysfunction, and inhibited the increase in left ventricular mass index at 8 weeks after AMI. The present study demonstrated that PEDF could inhibit tissue remodeling and improve cardiac function in AMI rats. Substitution of PEDF may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac remodeling after AMI.

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Serial echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and function after large myocardial infarction in the rat.

Cited by 375 publications

References 36 publications

Rats with high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure can be identified by Doppler echocardiography one week after myocardial infarction

Rats with high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure can be identified by Doppler echocardiography one week after myocardial infarction

Transforming Growth Factor-β Function Blocking Prevents Myocardial Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction in Pressure-Overloaded Rats

Administration of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Inhibits Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction

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