Series Architecture on Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review

Abstract

The use of series architecture nowadays is mainly on hybrid buses. In comparison with series-parallel and parallel architectures, which are usually exploited on medium-size cars, the series architecture allows achieving internal combustion engine higher efficiency. The downside of this architecture, due to a double energy conversion (i.e., mechanical energy converted in electrical energy and electrical energy converted again in mechanical energy), is that additional losses are introduced. For this reason, the parallel and the series/parallel architectures were considered more suitable for hybrid medium-size cars. Nevertheless, the use of new technologies can change this scenario. Regarding storage systems, supercapacitors achieved a significant energy density, and they guarantee much higher efficiency than battery storage. Moreover, the use of wide-bandgap components for power electronic converters, such as silicon carbide devices, assure lower losses. In this scenario, the series architecture can become competitive on medium-size cars. This paper shows a review of various studies performed on this topic.

Influence of the Selection of the Electric Motor/Engine Assembly on Dynamic Performances and Fuel Consumption of Hybrid Vehicles

“…The overall efficiency of the series HEVs is high if the engine efficiency is high, and this happens when the engine works close to the rated power [18]. So, it is important to mention that series architecture is used especially for passenger transport vehicles, like busses, while the other architectures are used for small and medium vehicles.…”

A New Feed-Forward Control for Dynamics Improvement in a Dual-Input DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Vehicle Applications

“…In particular, DC-DC converters are employed in photovoltaic systems in [4][5][6][7]. Moreover, DC-DC converters are also used in electric mobility to connect storage systems to a vehicle's DC link [8][9][10][11]. The integration of a fuel cell system in a hybrid vehicle is explored in [12], while the combined use of batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) has been investigated in [13].…”

Nitrogen-Dependent Electronic Properties of Threading Edge Dislocations in 4H-SiC

“…4H silicon carbide (4H-SiC) has been attracting intensive attention due to its great promise for the development of high-power electronics, which features a variety of advantages such as high breakdown voltage, low power loss, and high switching speed. − It is well known that dislocations routinely appear during both the single-crystal growth and homoepitaxy of 4H-SiC. The density of threading edge dislocations (TEDs) is the highest in 4H-SiC substrates among all types of dislocations. , During the homoepitaxy of 4H-SiC, the density of TEDs increases because over 95% of TEDs are inherited from the substrates to epitaxial layers.…”