“…Three subjects are often involved in previous studies that have two types of learning. Research subjects frequently involved are pre-service elementary education teachers (García-Ceberino, Feu, Gamero, & Ibáñez, 2021;M Martín del Pozo, Basilotta Gómez-Pablos, & García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso, 2017;Mee Mee et al, 2020;Perera & Hervás-Gómez, 2021), primary school teachers (Fraga-Varela, Vila-Couñago, & Rodríguez-Groba, 2021;Susman & Pavlin, 2020;Yaşar, Kıyıcı, & Karataş, 2020), and primary school children (Chiazzese, Fulantelli, Pipitone, & Taibi, 2018;Kayumova, Gainullina, Akhmadieva, Matvienko, & Kabakhidze, 2021). This learning is also related to mobile learning which is considered to be able to penetrate space and time (Jen- Yi, Chuan-His, & Yi-Hsin, 2020), and e-learning which is promoted to increase student motivation, engagement, and learning (T. Alshammari, 2020).…”