Sero-epidemiology of Syphilis in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Kuala Lumpur

Wahab, Asrul Abdul; Ramli, Mohd Ezri Asyraf; Mustafa, Risq Atiqah Munirah; Lim, Grace Min Wen; Sahimi, Wan Nurfatin Wan; Harunarashid, Husyairi; Rahman, Md. Mostafizur

doi:10.3329/bjms.v17i1.35282

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These findings vary from studies in Norway which reported that as many as 70% of heterosexual men were infected by their partners or sex workers, while in female almost half of them were infected by their sole partners (13). It is generally known that syphilis is mostly transmitted through sexual contact which is the most common transmission mode (9). Most of the syphilis patients are asymptomatic and thus diagnosed as latent syphilis, so according to our findings in this study, the predominant finding is latent syphilis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Sero-epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia

Kusumawaty

Djawad

Massi

et al. 2019

Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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Introduction. Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum spirochete and is mainly transmitted by sexual contact. Syphilis has the potential to cause serious complications and is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection thus making syphilis still a major public health problem. In Indonesia, surveys of high-risk populations in 2007 and 2011 reported an increase in the prevalence of syphilis, especially in men who have sexual relationships with other men (MSM). Moreover, studies have described risk factors for HIV transmission including MSM, heterosexual contacts, Intravenous (IV) drug use, and infected partners. Objectives. To assess the epidemiological aspects and risk factors for syphilis in Makassar, as well as the correlation with a coinfection of other sexually transmitted infections. Material and Methods. This study is a multi-centre cross-sectional descriptive study with consecutive sampling. We evaluated cases for eligibility by confirming the diagnosis based on the serological result using rapid plasma reagin assay (RPR), Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA), and HIV screening kit. The cases were analyzed based on epidemiological features, risk factors and clinical findings, co-infection with other sexually transmitted infection (ST), and stadium of the disease. Results. A total of 79 serologically confirmed syphilis cases were collected between January 2017 and December 2018 in Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi province in Indonesia. Of the 63 male subjects (79.7%), 38 (48.1%) were homosexual/MSM, and in 41 cases of HIV-infected subjects, 25 (60.9%) of them were also MSM. Conclusion. Our study showed there was a significant correlation between syphilis and an increased risk of HIV transmission in MSM groups. The higher number of cases of syphilis and HIV co-infection among MSM can increase transmission of both infections and should be considered a major risk factor for syphilis in Makassar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…They also stated that MSM living with HIV are 5 times more prone to syphilis co-infection, compared with heterosexual men with HIV (8). Serological tests are now the mainstay of workup diagnostics for syphilis (9). Antibody measurements are important for screening and diagnosis of syphilis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia

Kusumawaty

Djawad

Massi

et al. 2019

Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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“…Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Clinical symptoms of syphilis are divided into several stages and late treatment will lead to severe clinical manifestations (Wahab et al, 2018). The accuracy of syphilis incidences in Malaysia is hampered by a low notification rate (Kader et al, 2020), and during 2010 to 2012 up to 14 of 67 seropositive syphilis patients in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) were diagnosed in non-Malaysian citizens.…”

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accuracy of syphilis incidences in Malaysia is hampered by a low notification rate (Kader et al, 2020), and during 2010 to 2012 up to 14 of 67 seropositive syphilis patients in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) were diagnosed in non-Malaysian citizens. Most patients were asymptomatic or diagnosed with latent stages of syphilis (Wahab et al, 2018;Kader et al, 2020).…”

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of infectious diseases among migrants and non-citizens in Malaysia

S.¹

2023

Trop Biomed

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The mass movement of migrants to Malaysia for employment is one of the factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in this country. Despite mandatory health screening for migrants seeking employment, prevalence records of infectious diseases amongst migrant populations in Malaysia are still within negligible proportions. Therefore, the present review highlights the incidence, mortality and overall status of infectious diseases amongst migrants' populations in Malaysia, which maybe be useful for impeding exacerbation of inequalities among them and improving our national health system thru robust and effective emergency responses in controlling the prevalent diseases found among these populations and maybe, Malaysian citizens too. Peer-reviewed articles from January 2016 to December 2020 were searched through online platform including SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Non-peer-reviewed reports and publications from ministry and government websites including data from related agencies were also scoured from in order to ensure that there are no cases being overlooked, as most published articles did not have migrants as the research subjects. A total of 29 studies had been selected in the final analysis. Migrants in Malaysia were at higher risk for tuberculosis, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, cholera, leprosy and leptospirosis. Lymphatic filariasis was still endemic among this population while thousand cases of TB and cholera had been reported among them due to cramp living conditions and poor sanitation in their settlements respectively. While malaria had gradually decreased and become sporadic, the influx of migrant workers had led to the rising of imported malaria cases. Low cases of leprosy had been recorded in Malaysia but a significant proportion of it was contributed by migrant workers. As for leptospirosis, studies found that there are prominent cases among migrant workers, which particularly highest within workers with lower educational attainment. Infectious diseases are still prevalent among migrants in Malaysia due to various interplay factors including their working sectors, country of origin, immunization status, type of settlement, impoverished living conditions, and language and cultural barriers that impeding access to health facilities.

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The Changing Trend of Syphilis

Gupta,

Verma,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Dermatology

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Background: Syphilis is a treatable bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum. There has been a change in incidence of syphilis in various nations over the years. Aim: To study the epidemiological trends, demographic profile, high-risk behaviour, clinical pattern, and stage of syphilis over the last ten years in patients presenting to an STD clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study over ten years. Records of all confirmed syphilis cases were analysed in relation to demography and clinical profile. Results: There were a total of 3,110 STD patients among whom 31 cases (accounting for 0.99%) of confirmed syphilis were seen. There was a significant increase in cases in the last five years of study, especially in the last year. An increase in primary (PS) and secondary syphilis (SS) was observed. Males outnumbered females (3:1). Mean age of patients was 35.0 ± 11.53 years. Professionals were most common (22.6%) having syphilis followed by farmers (19.35%). A significant proportion (45.1%) of our patients were at least graduates. Unprotected sex was seen in all the patients followed by extramarital/premarital sex (71.35%). There were 16.12% of cases who had a history of paid sex and 9.7% were homosexuals. SS and latent syphilis were more common (38.7% each) than PS (19.35%). In PS single chancre and in SS truncal asymptomatic rash was the commonest clinical presentation. Limitation: Single-centre study, including only self-reported patients leading to a small sample size, is the major limitation of the study. Conclusion: The increased trend of primary and secondary syphilis in recent years highlights that there is a risk of an impending epidemic.

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Sero-epidemiology of Syphilis in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Kuala Lumpur

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Sero-epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia

Sero-epidemiology and risk factors of syphilis in Makassar, Indonesia

Current status of infectious diseases among migrants and non-citizens in Malaysia

The Changing Trend of Syphilis

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