Serodiagnosis of Human Bocavirus Infection

Kantola, Kalle; Hedman, Lea; Allander, Tobias; Jartti, Tuomas; Lehtinen, Pasi; Ruuskanen, Olli; Hedman, Klaus; Söderlund‐Venermo, Maria

doi:10.1086/526532

Cited by 164 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…HBoV Ct values were significantly lower (viral load higher) in sole HBoV infections than in co-infections (Table III). This is in agreement with earlier results suggesting that HBoV infections with high viral load in the respiratory tract represent symptomatic primary infection, and those with low viral load represent prolonged virus shedding [Allander et al, 2007;Kantola et al, 2008]. The same tendency was observed for coronaviruses (Table III).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Development and implementation of a molecular diagnostic platform for daily rapid detection of 15 respiratory viruses

Tiveljung-Lindell

Rotzén-Östlund

Gupta

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

108

107

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Acute respiratory tract infections are caused by a large number of viruses. Diagnostic methods have until recently been available only for a limited number of these viruses. With the objective to achieve sensitive assays for all respiratory viruses, a rational workflow in the laboratory, and a short turn-around time, a real-time PCR diagnostic platform for daily rapid detection of 15 respiratory viruses was developed. The system was evaluated on 585 stored nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospitalized children. Previous analysis by immunofluorescence and virus isolation identified viruses in 37% of the samples while the new PCR diagnostic panel detected 57% virus positive samples. The new platform was introduced in the laboratory in October 2007 and has then fully replaced the standard immunofluorescence assay for rapid detection of viruses and virus isolation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…There is also gathering evidence for a pathogenic role of human bocavirus (HBoV), mainly when the virus is present at a high viral load [Allander et al, 2007;Fry et al, 2007;Kantola et al, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and implementation of a molecular diagnostic platform for daily rapid detection of 15 respiratory viruses

Tiveljung-Lindell

Rotzén-Östlund

Gupta

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

108

107

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“…This observation is consistent with the observations of many other authors [16][17][18]. One explanation that is consistently put forward to account for these observations is that maternal antibodies provide protection to children younger than nine months of age, meaning that, as the concentration of maternal IgG declines, the incidence will increase as the children grow older [19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In immunologic investigations by many other authors, it is apparent that up to 96% of healthy adults have past immunity to HBoV [19,21,25]. We speculate that the explanation for such high exposure could be that respiratory HBoV infections may provide efficient means by which the virus is perpetuated in the community throughout the years, and this is in turn serves to sustain a high level of seropositvity among populations in those communities with high seroprevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Kenyan human bocavirus isolates

Misigo

Mwaengo

Mburu

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The commonly expected causative agents associated with flu-like symptoms in Kenya are the classical viral pathogens identifiable as influenza virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus. However, newer agents have been identified globally that present with illnesses clinically indistinguishable from those caused by the classical pathogens; one of them is human bocavirus. Methodology: A total of 384 specimens were analyzed, primarily to determine if the emerging human bocavirus (HBoV) infections exist in Kenya as coinfections with other respiratory viruses and to describe the genotype of the virus in circulation. In brief, viral nucleic acids were extracted from culture supernatants, amplified by PCR, and sequenced. Results: HBoV DNA was amplified from 1.8% of screened specimens. Coinfection with parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and enterovirus was 2.5%, 2%, and 1.4%, respectively. Multiple coinfections consisting of HBoV plus two other viruses were found in 3% of specimens. Isolation occurred in the months of January, March, April, August, and November. Retrospective review of clinical parameters indicated that all the individuals complained of non-specific symptoms, mainly fever, coughs, nasal stuffiness, runny noses, and vomiting. Phylogenetically, the GenBank deposited sequences of this study's isolates cluster closely to the reference strain NC_07455 (HBoV1). Conclusion: Coinfections with human bocavirus (HBoV1) occur in Kenya, and high incidence might primarily be during the early stages of children's lives.

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“…However, HBoV1 DNA has been shown to remain detectable by PCR in respiratory samples for several months after primary infection (Brieu et al, 2008;Blessing et al, 2009;Lehtoranta et al, 2012;Martin et al, 2015). Thus, RT-PCR5Reverse Transcription PCR (polymerase chain reaction) (Proença-Modena et al, 2011;Christensen et al, 2013) and IgM and IgG enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) (Kantola et al, 2008;Lindner & Modrow, 2008; Söderlund-Venermo et al, 2009; Hedman et al, 2010; Kantola et al, 2011;Guo et al, 2012) are more viable tools for the diagnosis of primary HBoV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original antigenic sin with human bocaviruses 1–4

Kantola

Hedman

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 is a widespread parvovirus causing acute respiratory disease in young children. In contrast, HBoV2 occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and is potentially associated with gastroenteritis, whilst HBoV3 and -4 infections are less frequent and have not yet been linked with human disease. Due to HBoV1 DNA persistence in the nasopharynx, serology has been advocated as a better alternative for diagnosing acute infections. In constitutionally healthy children, we previously noted that pre-existing HBoV2 immunity in a subsequent HBoV1 infection typically resulted in low or non-existent HBoV1-specific antibody responses. A phenomenon describing such immunological events among related viruses has been known since the 1950s as 'original antigenic sin' (OAS). The aim of this study was to characterize this putative OAS phenomenon in a more controlled setting. Follow-up sera of 10 rabbit pairs, inoculated twice with HBoV1-4 virus-like particles (VLPs) or control antigens, in various combinations, were analysed with HBoV1-4 IgG enzyme immunoassays with and without depletion of heterotypic HBoV antibodies. There were no significant IgG boosts after the second inoculation in either the heterologously or the homologously HBoV-inoculated rabbits, but a clear increase in cross-reactivity was seen with time. We could, however, distinguish a distinct OAS pattern from plain cross-reactivity: half of the heterologously inoculated rabbits showed IgG patterns representative of the OAS hypothesis, in line with our prior results with naturally infected children. HBoVs are the first parvoviruses to show the possible existence of OAS. Our findings provide new information on HBoV1-4 immunity and emphasize the complexity of human bocavirus diagnosis.

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Serodiagnosis of Human Bocavirus Infection

Cited by 164 publications

References 46 publications

Development and implementation of a molecular diagnostic platform for daily rapid detection of 15 respiratory viruses

Development and implementation of a molecular diagnostic platform for daily rapid detection of 15 respiratory viruses

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Kenyan human bocavirus isolates

Original antigenic sin with human bocaviruses 1–4

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