Seroepidemiology of Q fever in one-humped camel population in northeast Iran

Pirouz, Hossein Janati; Mohammadi, Gholam Reza; Mehrzad, Jalil; Azizzadeh, Mohammad; Shirazi, Mohammad Hossein Nazem

doi:10.1007/s11250-015-0862-z

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Infection in camels is usually subclinical but it can cause late abortion (Janati Pirouz, Mohammadi, Mehrzad, Azizzadeh, & Nazem Shirazi, 2015). Infected camels shed bacteria in urine, faeces, milk, as well as through placenta (Janati Pirouz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Q Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Q fever is an endemic disease in Iran, which is mostly reported in human, domestic animals and ticks from almost all the provinces of the country (Mostafavi et al, 2012). However, there is little information about the epidemiology of coxiellosis in camels (Janati Pirouz et al, 2015). (Motamedi, 1987) 1986-1987 Qazvin RBPT, SAT, 2ME, CFT 77/935 (8%) (Zowghi & Ebadi, 1991) 1994 Isfahan (Najaf Abad) RBPT 5/100 (0.05%) (Miranzade, 1994) 1999 Bushehr RBPT, SAT, 2ME, CFT 5/258 (1.93%) (Khadjeh, Zowghi, & Zarif-fard, 1999) 2005 Isfahan (Najaf Abad) RBPT, Wright, 2ME 11/384 (2.84%) (Pourjafar et al 2005) 2007 Hormozgan RBPT 3/103 (2.91%) (Garib, 2011(Garib, ) 2011 Sistan and Baluchestan RBPT, SAT, 2ME 17/500 (3.4%) (Sargaz, 2011) 2008-2011 Yazd RBPT 149/395 (37.83%) (Sazmand, Rasooli, et al, 2012)…”

Section: Q Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic implications of camel diseases in Iran

Mohammadpour

Champour

Tuteja

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Approximately 60% of all human pathogens and 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic (of animal origin). Camel zoonotic diseases can be encountered in all camel‐rearing countries. In this article, all studies carried out on camel zoonotic diseases in Iran are reviewed to show the importance of camels for public health in this country. More than 900 published documents were systematically searched to find relevant studies from 1,890 until late 2018. The collected articles were classified according to the aetiological agents. In this study, 19 important zoonotic diseases were reported among Iranian camels including listeriosis, leptospirosis, plague, Q fever, brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, pasteurellosis, clostridiosis, salmonellosis, Escherichia coli infections, rabies, camelpox, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever, echinococcosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis and dermatophytosis, most of which belong to bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal pathogens, respectively. Results show that camels are one of the most important sources of infections and diseases in human; therefore, continuous monitoring and inspection programs are necessary to prevent the outbreak of zoonotic diseases caused by this animal in humans.

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Section: Q Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Q Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic implications of camel diseases in Iran

Mohammadpour

Champour

Tuteja

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…From the study, a C . burnetii seroprevalence of 28.7% was reported among the camels at the individual animal level [ 119 ]. Among dogs, two studies reported on C .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current review, only a single study reported on C . burnetii seroprevalence among one-humped camels drawn from North Khorsan, South Khorsan and Razavi Khorsan provinces, in the northeastern part of the country [ 119 ]. The C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales cause infections that often manifest as undifferentiated fevers that are not easy to distinguish from other causes of acute febrile illnesses clinically. This is partly attributed to difficulty in laboratory confirmation since convalescent sera, specific diagnostic reagents, and the required expertise may not be readily available. As a result, a number of tick-borne zoonoses are underappreciated resulting in unnecessary morbidity, mortality and huge economic loses. In Iran, a significant proportion of human infectious diseases are tick-borne, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that tick-borne zoonoses are widespread but underreported in the country. Epidemiological review is therefore necessary to aid in the effective control and prevention of tick-borne zonooses in Iran. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth and comprehensive overview of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, spotted fever group rickettsioses and coxiellosis in Iran.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all relevant publications on tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran were searched using a number of search terms. The search was confined to authentic resources from repositories of popular data bases among them PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SpringerLink and SCOPUS. The search items included peer reviewed journals, books and book chapters published between 1996 and 2017.ResultsA total of 1 205 scientific publications and reports were sourced, of which 63 met the search criteria and were reviewed. Of the 63 articles reviewed, 36 (57.1%) reported on coxiellosis, 15 (23.8%) on anaplasmosis, 11 (17.5%) on ehrlichiosis and 1(1.6%) on spotted fever group rickettsiae in a large scale study involving four countries, among them Iran. The existence of tick-borne pathogens in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales was confirmed by molecular, serological and microscopic techniques conducted on samples obtained from sheep, cattle, goats, camels, poultry, animal products (milk and eggs), dogs, ticks and even human subjects in different parts of the country; pointing to a countrywide distribution.DiscussionBased on the review, coxiellosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and SFG rickettsiae can be categorized as emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases in Iran given the presence of their causiative agents (C. burnetii, A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. central, E. canis, E. ewingii, E. chaffeensis and R. conorii) collectively reported in a variety of domestic animals, animal products, arthropods and human beings drawn from 22 provinces in Iran.ConclusionGiven the asymptomatic nature of some of these zoonoses, there is a high likelihood of silent transmission to humans in many parts of the country, which should be considered a public health concern. Presently, information on the transmission intensity of tick-borne zoonoses caused by pathogens in...

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“…Seven papers detailed high Q fever Coxiella burnetii seropositivity in camels (Schelling et al 2003;Schelling et al 2004;Vanderburg et al 2014;Pirouz et al 2015;Njeru et al 2016;Mohabbati Mobarez et al 2017;Klemmer et al 2018). Seroprevalence levels of up to 73% were present in camels in Chad (Schelling et al 2004).…”

Section: Bacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels

2019

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Dromedary, or one-humped, camels Camelus dromedarius are an almost exclusively domesticated species that are common in arid areas as both beasts of burden and production animals for meat and milk.Currently, there are approximately 30 million dromedary camels, with highest numbers in Africa and the Middle East. The hardiness of camels in arid regions has made humans more dependent on them, especially as a stable protein source. Camels also carry and may transmit disease-causing agents to humans and other animals. The ability for camels to act as a point source or vector for disease is a concern due to increasing human demands for meat, lack of biosafety and biosecurity protocols in many regions, and a growth in the interface with wildlife as camel herds become sympatric with non-domestic species. We conducted a literature review of camel-borne zoonotic diseases and found that the majority of publications (65%) focused on Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), brucellosis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Rift Valley fever. The high fatality from MERS outbreaks during 2012-2016 elicited an immediate response from the research community as demonstrated by a surge of MERS-related publications. However, we contend that other camel-borne diseases such as Yersinia pestis, Coxiella burnetii, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever are just as important to include in surveillance efforts. Camel populations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, are increasing exponentially in response to prolonged droughts, and thus, the risk of zoonoses increases as well. In this review, we provide an overview of the major zoonotic diseases present in dromedary camels, their risk to humans, and recommendations to minimize spillover events.

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Seroepidemiology of Q fever in one-humped camel population in northeast Iran

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Zoonotic implications of camel diseases in Iran

Zoonotic implications of camel diseases in Iran

Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review

A Review of Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels

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