Seroincidence of HIV-1 infection in African women of reproductive age

Leroy, Valériane; Perre, Philippe Van de; Lepage, P; Saba, Joseph; Nsengumuremyi, F; Simonon, Arlette; Karita, Etienne; Msellati, P; Salamon, Roger; Dabis, F

doi:10.1097/00002030-199407000-00017

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[39][40][41] Interestingly, they have also been shown to have increased susceptibility to acquire HIV-1. [42][43][44][45] CCR5 is known to be expressed by activated lymphocytes. 46 Another marker of lymphocyte activation is the histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR. HLA-DR + T cells are present in the early phases of HIV-1 infection [47][48][49] and are thought to account for the majority of the cell population responsible for dissemination of HIV-1 from the mucosal portal to draining lymph nodes and distant sites.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Increases Immune Cell Numbers and Activation Markers in Human Vaginal Mucosal Tissues

Chandra

Thurman

Anderson

et al. 2013

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

102

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The relationship between exogenous contraceptive hormones and permissiveness of the female genital tract to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the subject of renewed debate. To better characterize the effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on HIV-1 cellular targets and epithelial integrity in the vagina, we compared leukocyte populations, markers of activation and proliferation, and the density of intercellular junctional proteins in the vaginal epithelium of women during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and approximately 12 weeks after receiving a DMPA injection. This prospective cohort study involved 15 healthy women. Vaginal biopsies were obtained in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and approximately 12 weeks following a 150-mg intramuscular injection of DMPA. Leukocyte populations, activation phenotype, and epithelial tight junction and adherens proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. After receiving DMPA, the numbers of CD45, CD3, CD8, CD68, HLA-DR, and CCR5 bearing immune cells were significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in vaginal tissues, compared to the follicular and/or luteal phases of untreated cycles. There were no significant differences in immune cell populations between the follicular and luteal phases of the control cycle. There were also no statistically significant differences in epithelial thickness and density of epithelial tight junction and adherens proteins among the follicular, luteal, and post-DMPA treatment sampling points. In this pilot study, vaginal immune cell populations were significantly altered by exogenous progesterone, resulting in increased numbers of T cells, macrophages, and HLA-DR-and CCR5-positive cells.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Increases Immune Cell Numbers and Activation Markers in Human Vaginal Mucosal Tissues

Chandra

Thurman

Anderson

et al. 2013

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

102

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“…When pregnant and breastfeeding, these young women are at high risk of acquiring HIV and subsequently transmitting HIV to their infants. [49][50][51] One Kenyan study that evaluated women who were HIV-uninfected during their first antenatal visit calculated an HIV incidence of 6.8 per 100 woman-years at 6 weeks postpartum, 52 and several other recent studies report HIV-1 incidences ranging from 1.3 to 10.7 per 100 women-years during the pregnancy and breastfeeding period. [49][50][51] Engaging male partners of HIV-uninfected women through couple HTC and counseling on risk reduction may contain this high HIV incidence during the pregnancy and breastfeeding period, and will potentially be documented in future studies or programs designed to assess this.…”

Section: Male Involvement In Pmtct When the Woman Is Hiv-uninfectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of male partners in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission

Osoti¹,

Han²,

Kinuthia³

et al. 2014

RRN

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Abstract:There is emerging evidence that in resource-limited settings with a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden, male partner involvement in prevention of mother-tochild HIV transmission (PMTCT) is associated with improved uptake of effective interventions and infant HIV-free survival. There is also increasing evidence that male partner involvement positively impacts non-HIV related outcomes, such as skilled attendance at delivery, exclusive breastfeeding, uptake of effective contraceptives, and infant immunizations. Despite these associations, male partner involvement remains low, especially when offered in the standard antenatal clinic setting. In this review we explore strategies for improving rates of antenatal male partner HIV testing and argue that the role of male partners in PMTCT must evolve from one of support for HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women to one of comprehensive engagement in prevention of primary HIV acquisition, avoidance of unintended pregnancies, and improved HIV-related care and treatment for the HIV-infected and uninfected women, their partners, and children. Involving men in all components of PMTCT has potential to contribute substantially to achieving virtual elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission; promoting partner-friendly programs and policies, as well as pursuing research into numerous gaps in knowledge identified in this review, will help drive this process.

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“…Observational and prospective longitudinal studies support that pregnancy and lactation, characterized by high serum progesterone (4-pregnene-3,20-dione or P4) and low serum estradiol [1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17beta-diol or E2] levels, are also associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition compared with nonlactating nonpregnant controls. [8][9][10] All women experience fluctuations of endogenous hormones as part of the normal menstrual cycle and menopause and therefore it is critical to understand the effect of these hormonal states on the early mucosal events of HIV-1 acquisition and transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Follicular and Luteal Phase Mucosal Markers of HIV Susceptibility in Healthy Women

Thurman

Chandra

Yousefieh

et al. 2016

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in vaginal immune cell populations, vaginal tissue gene expression, antimicrobial activity of the cervicovaginal (CV) lavage (CVL), vaginal flora, and p24 antigen production from CV tissues after ex vivo human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection between follicular (FOL) and luteal (LUT) phases of the menstrual cycle. CV tissue biopsies, CV secretions, and blood samples were obtained as part of two longitudinal clinical trials of healthy women (CONRAD D11-119 and A12-124 studies). Participants (n = 39) were HIV-seronegative women not using exogenous hormone supplementation, with normal menstrual cycles, who were screened to exclude sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections. Serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher in the LUT versus the FOL phase of the menstrual cycle. Controlling for race, reported contraceptive use/sexual practices, and clinical trial, we found no differences in vaginal tissue immune cell populations and activation status, transcriptomes, inhibition of HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 and Escherichia coli by the CVL, vaginal pH or Nugent score, or production of p24 antigen after ex vivo infection by HIV-1 BaL between CV samples obtained in the FOL phase versus the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle. There were no significant correlations between serum estradiol and progesterone levels and CV endpoints. The hypothesis that the LUT phase of the menstrual cycle represents a more vulnerable stage for mucosal infection with HIV was not supported by data from samples obtained from the lower genital tract (ectocervix and vagina) from these two clinical trials.

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Seroincidence of HIV-1 infection in African women of reproductive age

Cited by 57 publications

References 2 publications

Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Increases Immune Cell Numbers and Activation Markers in Human Vaginal Mucosal Tissues

Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Increases Immune Cell Numbers and Activation Markers in Human Vaginal Mucosal Tissues

Role of male partners in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission

Comparison of Follicular and Luteal Phase Mucosal Markers of HIV Susceptibility in Healthy Women

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