Serological and molecular detection of Leptospira spp in dogs

Latosinski, Giulia Soares; Fornazari, Felipe; Babboni, Selene Daniela; Caffaro, Karen; Paes, Antônio Carlos; Langoni, Hélio

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0276-2017

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…39 In contrast, lower molecular detection rates of 19.8% (26 of 131; 95% CI: 13.0–26.7%) and 1.0% (1 of 106; 95% CI: 0.0–2.8%) have been reported in 2 other studies. 28,49 Although these latter 2 studies were of a similar size to our study, the target populations were apparently healthy dogs, which could explain the lower detection rate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia

et al. 2021

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Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. A wide range of symptoms have been described in humans; the disease in dogs is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information about the common serovars infecting dogs is limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrences of leptospirosis in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease. Blood, urine, abdominal effusion, and/or kidney and liver were collected from the dogs. Based on microscopic agglutination testing, 53 of 124 (42.7%) dogs were seropositive for leptospiral exposure. Sera were frequently positive to serovars Bataviae ( n = 12), Javanica ( n = 10), and Icterohaemorrhagiae ( n = 10). Direct detection using PCR showed that 42 of 124 (33.9%) of the whole blood and 36 of 113 (31.9%) urine samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. By PCR, 2 of 23 (9.1%) kidney and 2 of 23 (9.1%) liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Abdominal effusion from 4 dogs were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. We further identified and characterized 11 Leptospira spp. isolates from 8 dogs as serovars Bataviae, Javanica, and Australis. The mortality rate of the Leptospira-infected dogs was high (18 of 53; 34%).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, "dog ownership" was identified as a potential risk factor for humans [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Worldwide studies showed a prevalence of urinary shedding of Leptospira in dogs between 0.2 and 31.1% by PCR [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Shedding can also occur in healthy dogs [23, 25, 31-33, 35, 37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira infection and shedding in dogs in Thailand

Altheimer¹,

Jongwattanapisan

Luengyosluechakul

et al. 2020

BMC Vet Res

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Background: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and has been recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in humans and dogs, but prevalence of Leptospira shedding in dogs in Thailand is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine urinary shedding of Leptospira in dogs in Thailand, to evaluate antibody prevalence by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and to assess risk factors for Leptospira infection. In Northern, Northeastern, and Central Thailand, 273 stray (n = 119) or client-owned (n = 154) dogs from rural (n = 139) or urban (n = 134) areas were randomly included. Dogs that had received antibiotics within 4 weeks prior to sampling were excluded. No dog had received vaccination against Leptospira. Urine was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira. Additionally, urine was cultured for 6 months in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium. Antibodies were measured by ELISA and MAT against 24 serovars belonging to 15 serogroups and 1 undesignated serogroup. Risk factor analysis was performed with backwards stepwise selection based on Wald. Results: Twelve of 273 (4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-6.8%) urine samples were PCR-positive. In 1/273 dogs (0.4%; 95% CI: 0.01-1.1%) Leptospira could be cultured from urine. MAT detected antibodies in 33/273 dogs (12.1%; 95% CI: 8.2-16.0%) against 19 different serovars (Anhoa,

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“…The findings were consistent with a previous study reported at 42.4% (14/33; 95%CI: 25.6–59.3%) [ 33 ], despite having a smaller sample size, but with a similar target population. In contrast, Latosinski et al (2018) [ 34 ] and Santanna et al (2017) [ 35 ] reported lower molecular detection rates, at 19.8% (26/131; 95%CI: 13.0–26.7%) and 1.0% (1/106; 95%CI: 0.0–2.8%), respectively. Although both studies had a large sample size, the recruitment of apparently healthy dogs could explain the lower detection rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk and Predictive Factors of Leptospirosis in Dogs Diagnosed with Kidney and/or Liver Disease in Selangor, Malaysia

Rahman

Khor

Khairani-Bejo

et al. 2021

Animals

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Canine leptospirosis is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. It has been widely reported and causes public health concerns due to its zoonotic potential and its re-emergence, resulting from close contact between humans and dogs. The current study identified potential risk and predictive factors for dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease due to leptospirosis. A total of 124 client-owned dogs were recruited, and information such as signalment, medical history, management, and clinical findings were documented. Samples collected from the recruited dogs were directly tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently inoculated for bacterial isolation. Statistical analyses were descriptively analyzed, and risk analyses were performed using Pearson chi-square tests and logistic regression. A total of 53 dogs (42.7%) were positive for leptospiral infection based on PCR, and 10 leptospiral isolates were successfully recovered from eight dogs. The mortality rate of infected dogs was 34.0% (18/53). Medium and large dog breeds, with a history of exposure to rats, and managed outdoors had a greater risk for leptospirosis (p < 0.05). The significant predictors for the dogs’ positivity were the presence of rats and acute clinical illness (p < 0.05). Administration of antibiotics and the detection of clinical illness at an early stage of the disease improved the survivability of the dogs (p < 0.05). Identifying the profile of dogs that are at risk to leptospirosis could be useful in the design of diagnostic and treatment strategies, as well as to increase awareness for prevention of the disease.

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Serological and molecular detection of Leptospira spp in dogs

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia

Leptospira infection and shedding in dogs in Thailand

Risk and Predictive Factors of Leptospirosis in Dogs Diagnosed with Kidney and/or Liver Disease in Selangor, Malaysia

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