Serological and Virological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus Circulation in the Human Population of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria

Bukbuk, David; Dowall, Stuart; Lewandowski, Kuiama; Bosworth, Andrew; Baba, S. S.; Varghese, Anitha; Watson, Robert J.; Bell, Andrew S.; Atkinson, Barry; Hewson, Roger

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005126

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Serologic and virologic evidence of CCHFV in humans has been reported in Nigeria (11). However, to our knowledge, CCHFV presence among domestic animals in the country has not been documented since the studies of Causey et al (3) and Umoh et al (4) conducted >3 decades ago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Antibodies to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ruminants, Nigeria, 2015

Oluwayelu¹,

Afrough²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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During January-May 2015, we collected 150 serum samples (50 each from cattle, goats, and sheep) from live animal markets, abattoirs, and privately owned farms in different states in Nigeria. We collected cattle serum samples from the states of Sokoto (northwest, Sudan savannah zone), Borno (northeast, Sudan savannah), Benue (northcentral, Guinea savannah) and Oyo (southwest, rainforest) (Figure 1). Sokoto and Borno States have potential for transborder spread of diseases, such as CCHF, because they have borders with Niger, Chad, and Cameroon, 3 countries from which cattle are continually transported into Nigeria. We collected goat serum samples from the states of Lagos (southwest, rainforest), Oyo, and Sokoto and sheep serum samples from the states of Ogun (southwest, rainforest) and Oyo (Figure 1). All animals sampled were adults and apparently healthy at the time of sampling. We heat-inactivated serum samples (56°C, 30 min) and transported them on dry ice to Public Health England (Salisbury, UK) where they were stored at-20°C until used. Approval for this study was provided by the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Antibodies to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ruminants, Nigeria, 2015

Oluwayelu¹,

Afrough²,

Adebiyi³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…However, despite several studies on the seroprevalence of antibodies against CCHFV from humans and animals in Nigeria, detailed investigation demonstrating the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to the virus have not been reported until recently [20]. This study reported prevalence rates of IgG and IgM antibodies to be 10.6% and 3.5% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In addition to having high fatality rates, some also cause permanent disability, such as hearing loss following Lassa fever, or blindness after Rift Valley fever [10]. In Nigeria, there are reports from literature of serological and virological evidence of AHF virus activity in certain parts of the country among humans and animals [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Previous virological and serological surveys in Nigeria have revealed the presence of human and animal infections by some of the viruses associated with haemorrhagic fevers [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also coupled with the fact that there have been no virological confirmations of human infection reported from Nigeria. The first virological or genomic analysis of CCHFV from sera of a 15-year-old female patient who presented with an undiagnosed febrile illness consistent with a case of VHF provided the first published evidence of a human case of CCHFV in Nigeria and its phylogenetic context [20]. CCHFV RNA obtained from this case (N428) was characterized by next generation sequencing (NGS) resulting in complete S.M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Resurgence of African Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (AVHFs) in Nigeria

Bukbuk¹

2017

VIJ

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AVHFs are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses that are caused by five distinct families of RNA viruses: the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae and Togaviridae. Generally, VHFs are characterized by fever and bleeding disorders and all can progress to high fever, shock, haemorrhage and death in extreme cases. Infections with haemorrhagic fever viruses are an important cause of human illness and a public health problem of global dimension especially in the African continent. VHF agents are all highly infectious via the aerosol route, and most are quite stable as respirable aerosols. This means that they satisfy at least one criterion for being weaponized, and some clearly have the potential to be biological warfare threats. These viruses are found endemic in some areas of Africa, where they depend on animal, insect or natural reservoir for survival; they are usually restricted to the geographical area inhabited by their hosts and vectors. Currently, in Nigeria there are reports of the resurgence of these viral agents such as Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo haemorraghic fevers, Ebola and Rift Valley fever in some parts of the country.

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“…Nevertheless, the ability to contain even known emerging viruses such as Ebola virus in wildlife is currently not possible. Furthermore, the management of diseases that involve livestock, such as RVF and CCHF, pose problems in that conventional vaccines are not suited for use in these environments. A major limitation of conventional vaccination is the requirement for individual inoculation of each animal – a costly and impractical strategy for the target/reservoir species of those animals frequently involved in the emergence of high‐risk pathogens .…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging viruses and current strategies for vaccine intervention

Afrough

Dowall

Hewson

2019

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

107

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Summary During the past decade several notable viruses have suddenly emerged from obscurity or anonymity to become serious global health threats, provoking concern regarding their sustained epidemic transmission in immunologically naive human populations. With each new threat comes the call for rapid vaccine development. Indeed, vaccines are considered a critical component of disease prevention for emerging viral infections because, in many cases, other medical options are limited or non‐existent, or that infections result in such a rapid clinical deterioration that the effectiveness of therapeutics is limited. While classic approaches to vaccine development are still amenable to emerging viruses, the application of molecular techniques in virology has profoundly influenced our understanding of virus biology, and vaccination methods based on replicating, attenuated and non‐replicating virus vector approaches have become useful vaccine platforms. Together with a growing understanding of viral disease emergence, a range of vaccine strategies and international commitment to underpin development, vaccine intervention for new and emerging viruses may become a possibility.

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Serological and Virological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus Circulation in the Human Population of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Prevalence of Antibodies to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ruminants, Nigeria, 2015

Prevalence of Antibodies to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ruminants, Nigeria, 2015

The Resurgence of African Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (AVHFs) in Nigeria

Emerging viruses and current strategies for vaccine intervention

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