Serological and virological evidence of non-sexual transmission of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8)

Vitale, Francesco; Viviano, Enza; Perna, Anna Maria; Bonura, Filippa; Mazzola, Giovanni; Ajello, Francesca; Romano, Nino

doi:10.1017/s0950268800004726

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Both the close family members and heterosexual partners of KS patients show increased KSHV seroprevalence (19,56), while a group of 51 Catholic nuns in Italy had a seroprevalence indistinguishable from that of matched female controls (517). Similar to AIDS-associated KS patients, the high frequency of detection of KSHV DNA in tonsillar swabs from HIV-negative KS patients in Italy suggests that transmission in saliva is a predominant route (75).…”

Section: Classic Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Dourmishev

Palmeri

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

309

367

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Kaposi's sarcoma had been recognized as unique human cancer for a century before it manifested as an AIDS-defining illness with a suspected infectious etiology. The discovery of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus-8, in 1994 by using representational difference analysis, a subtractive method previously employed for cloning differences in human genomic DNA, was a fitting harbinger for the powerful bioinformatic approaches since employed to understand its pathogenesis in KS. Indeed, the discovery of KSHV was rapidly followed by publication of its complete sequence, which revealed that the virus had coopted a wide armamentarium of human genes; in the short time since then, the functions of many of these viral gene variants in cell growth control, signaling apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation have been characterized. This critical literature review explores the pathogenic potential of these genes within the framework of current knowledge of the basic herpesvirology of KSHV, including the relationships between viral genotypic variation and the four clinicoepidemiologic forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, current viral detection methods and their utility, primary infection by KSHV, tissue culture and animal models of latent- and lytic-cycle gene expression and pathogenesis, and viral reactivation from latency. Recent advances in models of de novo endothelial infection, microarray analyses of the host response to infection, receptor identification, and cloning of full-length, infectious KSHV genomic DNA promise to reveal key molecular mechanisms of the candidate pathogeneic genes when expressed in the context of viral infection

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Section: Classic Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Dourmishev

Palmeri

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

309

367

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Seroepidemiological studies have shown high prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibodies among male homosexuals (1-3), African children (4,5), Brazilian Amerindians (6) and elderly individuals in certain regions of Europe (3,7). However, there is no single route of transmission explaining how the virus can infect such different population groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 in populations with and without risk for infection in São Paulo State

Souza

Sumita

Freire

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a newly described herpesvirus that is etiologically associated with all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Seroepidemiological studies have shown high prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibodies among men who have sex with men (MSM) and AIDS patients, African children, Brazilian Amerindians, and elderly individuals in certain regions of Europe. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies in healthy children and young adults from different cities in São Paulo State, and in a population at high risk for HHV-8 infection: HIV-negative MSM, and AIDS patients with and without KS. Antibodies to HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen and lytic-phase antigens were detected by immunofluorescence assays. In 643 healthy children and young adults from the general population attending a vaccination program for yellow fever in ten different cities in São Paulo State, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies detected by the presence of latent or lytic antigens ranged from 1.0 to 4.1% in the different age groups (mean = 2.5%). In the MSM group, the prevalence was 31/95 (32.6%). In the group of patients with AIDS, the prevalence was 39.2% (51/130) for non-KS patients and 98.7% (77/78) for AIDS patients with the diagnosis of KS confirmed by histopathological examination. We conclude that HHV-8 has a restricted circulation among healthy children and young adults in the general population of São Paulo State and a high prevalence among MSM and AIDS patients.

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“…In one study, it was reported that the detection rate of KSHV DNA in PBMC was 16.5% in 158 healthy KSHV-seropositive adults (Brown et al, 2005). In another work, the KSHV DNA in PBMC was detected only in one person out of 12 KSHV-seropositive healthy individuals (Vitale et al, 2000). Further analysis of the risk factors associated with KSHV indicated that KSHV infection was associated with advancing age, low education level, and stationary population status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in Uygur and Han populations from the Urumqi and Kashgar regions of Xinjiang, China

et al. 2017

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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious etiologic agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. It has been shown that high KSHV prevalence and high incidence of both classic KS and AIDSassociated KS are found mostly among people of Uygur ethnicity in Xinjiang, while people of Han ethnicity in Xinjiang have a higher KSHV seroprevalence than those of other Han populations in mainland China. However, it is still unclear why there is such geographical and population variation in KSHV distribution in China. In this work, we focused on the populations in the Kashgar region and Urumqi area, where a total of 1294 research subjects were randomly selected to investigate the potential correlation between KSHV prevalence and different ethnicities in endemic areas of Xinjiang, and to determine risk factors that may affect KSHV infection rates or KS incidence. We identified a high seroprevalence of KSHV and high peripheral blood DNA infection in the general Uygur and Han populations in both Urumqi and Kashgar regions of Xinjiang, and determined that advancing age, low education level, and stationary population status affect KSHV infection rates. Further, KSHV-positive Uygur participants were shown to have higher prevalence of neutralizing antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers than KSHV-positive Han participants.

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Serological and virological evidence of non-sexual transmission of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8)

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Molecular Genetics of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8) Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 in populations with and without risk for infection in São Paulo State

Prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in Uygur and Han populations from the Urumqi and Kashgar regions of Xinjiang, China

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