Serological characterization of small ruminant lentiviruses: A complete tool for serotyping lentivirus infection in goat

Nogarol, Chiara; Bertolotti, Luigi; Klevar, Siv; Profiti, Margherita; Gjerset, Britt; Rosati, Sergio

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.010

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Infection by divergent SRLV strains in these animals is unlikely since primers used in PCR were designed based on known genotypes. Instead, low or fluctuating antibody titers may account for this discrepancy between serological and molecular techniques (36,37). Indeed, absence of serological response has been described in the periparturient period (38) as well as a result of recent infections (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Platform Detection of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Antibodies and Provirus as Biomarkers of Production Losses

et al. 2020

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are endemic in most areas of Europe, causing a chronic infection and a multisystemic disease affecting the udder, carpal joints, lungs, and central nervous system. Due to the lack of treatments and protective vaccination strategies, infection control is focused on the identification of infected animals through serological or molecular techniques. However, antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of SRLVs represent a clear drawback for diagnosis. Infected animals may present lower animal production parameters such as birth weight or milk production and quality, depending on productive systems considered and, likely, to the diagnostic method applied. In this study, four sheep flocks dedicated to dairy or meat production were evaluated using three different ELISA and two PCR strategies to classify animal population according to SRLV infection status. Productive parameters were recorded along one whole lactation or reproductive period and compared between positive and negative animals. SRLV was present in 19% of the total population, being unequally distributed in the different flocks. Less than half of the infected animals were detected by a single diagnostic method, highlighting the importance of combining different diagnostic techniques. Statistical analysis employing animal classification using all the diagnostic methods associated lambing size, lamb weight at birth, and daily weight gain with SRLV infection status in meat flocks. Milk production, somatic cell count, fat, and protein content in the milk were associated with SRLV infection in dairy flocks, to a greater extent in the flock showing higher seroprevalence. A multi-platform SRLV diagnostic strategy was useful for ensuring correct animal classification, thus validating downstream studies investigating production traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Platform Detection of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Antibodies and Provirus as Biomarkers of Production Losses

et al. 2020

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“…After a final washing step, the reaction mixture was developed with 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonicacid). The results were read at 405 nm and the absorbances were obtained for each serum sample against the screening antigens and the three subunits [18].…”

Section: Immunologic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of different TMEM154 genotypes in three Italian sheep breeds infected by different SRLV genotypes

Moretti

Sartore

Colitti

et al. 2022

Vet Res

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) belong to the Retroviridae family and can cause various diseases. One of the most impacting diseases is visna-maedi, a complex disease characterized by long latencies and chronic progressive inflammatory events affecting the nervous system, lungs, mammary gland, and articular joints. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs408593969, c.103G>A, missense mutation E35K) in the ovine transmembrane protein gene 154 (TMEM154) was identified as protective against small ruminant lentivirus infection in different herds worldwide. However, there is evidence in the scientific literature of a breed-specificity of this protective effect and, furthermore, there are still limited studies regarding the association between the animal genotype and the infecting virus genotype. Thus, the aim of this study was to further investigate the association between the animal genotype for the suggested protective mutation and the infecting virus genotype, in three different sheep breeds reared in northern Italy. The results obtained only partially confirmed the data available in the literature, as the protective effect was confirmed only for SRLV genotype A clusters, while other genotypes (namely B and E) infected AA and GA animals. Further studies with an experimental infection of specific virus genotypes in hosts with specific genotypes are required to confirm the larger number of cases the results obtained in this study.

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“…The investigation of genetic heterogeneity in these epitopes among the different SRLV strains could reveal diagnostic drawbacks of the existent serological diagnostic tools and contribute to the development of highly efficient ones [ 56 , 57 ]. Also, serotyping diagnostic tools discriminating the different SRLV genotypes have been developed using subunits of the viral capsid protein [ 58 , 59 ]. These tests could be used for the implementation of epidemiological studies in countries where the genetic characterization of the circulating SRLV strains has not been performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Isolated from Dairy Sheep in Greece

Kalogianni,

Bouzalas,

Marka

et al. 2024

Viruses

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The high genetic heterogeneity of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) renders the genetic characterization of the circulating strains crucial for the epidemiological investigation and the designation of effective diagnostic tools. In Greece, research data regarding the genetic diversity of the circulating SRLV strains is scarce, hindering the implementation of efficient surveillance and control programs. The objective of the study was to genetically characterize SRLV strains isolated from intensive dairy sheep farms in Greece and evaluate the variability of the immunodominant regions of the capsid protein. For this reason, a total of 12 SRLV-infected animals from four intensive dairy sheep farms with purebred Chios and Lacaune ewes were used for the amplification and sequencing of an 800 bp gag-pol fragment. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a breed-related circulation of strains; Chios ewes were infected with strains belonging exclusively to a separate group of genotype A, whereas strains belonging to subtype B2 were isolated from Lacaune ewes. Immunodominant epitopes of capsid protein were quite conserved among the strains of the same genotype, except for the Major Homology Region which showed some unique mutations with potential effects on viral evolution. The present study contributes to the extension of the current knowledge regarding the genetic diversity of SRLV strains circulating in sheep in Greece. However, broader genetic characterization studies are warranted for the exploration of possible recombinant events and the more comprehensive classification of the circulating strains.

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Serological characterization of small ruminant lentiviruses: A complete tool for serotyping lentivirus infection in goat

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Multi-Platform Detection of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Antibodies and Provirus as Biomarkers of Production Losses

Multi-Platform Detection of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Antibodies and Provirus as Biomarkers of Production Losses

Susceptibility of different TMEM154 genotypes in three Italian sheep breeds infected by different SRLV genotypes

Genetic Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Isolated from Dairy Sheep in Greece

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