Serological Detection of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Shelter Cats in Malaysia

Alashraf, Abdul Rahman; Lau, Seng Fong; Khor, Kuan Hua; Khairani-Bejo, Siti; Bahaman, Abdul Rani; Roslan, Mohd Azri; Rahman, Mohd Sabri Abdul; Goh, Soon Heng; Radzi, Rozanaliza

doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2018.12.002

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Except for two cats from Cáceres (titer 1:320), antibody titers of the animals in our study were not ≥1:100. Adler, 2014 [23], reported that infected animals may have MAT titers below 1:100; which is supported by epidemiological studies in cats [13,14,16,39]. Seropositive animals in our study demonstrate previous evidence of contact with Leptospira.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Clinical presentation of the disease is rare and usually mild in cats [9][10][11][12]. Several studies in different geographical areas have demonstrated that cats have contact with Leptospira since they develop specific antibodies ranging from 4% to 33.3%, with no clear association to clinical disease [13][14][15][16][17]. Urinary shedding of Leptospira DNA has also been documented in cats, with a prevalence ranging up to 67.8% depending on various factors including the geographical area, the presence in the area of farm animals infected with leptospires, and prey habits [7,14,15,[18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

Murillo

Cuenca

Serrano

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Leptospirosis is the most neglected widespread zoonosis worldwide. In Spain, leptospirosis reports in people and animals have increased lately. Cats can become infected with Leptospira, as well as be chronic carriers. The aim of this study was to determine serological antibody prevalence against Leptospira sp., blood DNA, and shedding of DNA from pathogenic Leptospira species in the urine of cats in Spain. Microagglutination tests (MAT) and blood and urine TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed. Leptospira antibodies were detected in 10/244 cats; with 4.1% positive results (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–7.18%). Titers ranged from 1:20 to 1:320 (serovars Ballum; Bataviae; Bratislava; Cynopteri; Grippotyphosa Mandemakers; Grippotyphosa Moskva; Pomona; and Proechimys). The most common serovar was Cynopteri. Blood samples from 1/89 cats amplified for Leptospira DNA (1.12%; 95% CI: 0.05–5.41%). Urine samples from 4/232 cats amplified for Leptospira DNA (1.72%; 95% CI: 0.55–4.10%). In conclusion free-roaming cats in Spain can shed pathogenic Leptospira DNA in their urine and may be a source of human infection. Serovars not previously described in cats in Spain were detected; suggesting the presence of at least 4 different species of pathogenic leptospires in the country (L. borgpetersenii; L. interrogans; L. kirschneri; and L. noguchii).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

Murillo

Cuenca

Serrano

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…In a previous study on shelter cats in Malaysia, the results showed a high sero-detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in the shelter cat population as high as 18% [30]. This indicates that cats in Malaysia are frequently, and hence pervasively, exposed to leptospires.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of pathogenic Leptospira spp. isolated from urine and kidneys of naturally infected cats

Alashraf¹,

Lau²,

Khairani-Bejo³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases and can infect both humans and animals worldwide. Healthy cat, as a potential source of exposure to humans, are likely underestimated owing to the lack of overt clinical signs associated with Leptospira spp. infection in this species. The aim of the study was to determine the exposure, shedding, and carrier status of leptospires in shelter cats in Malaysia by using serological, molecular, and bacteriological methods. For this study, 82 healthy cats from two shelters were sampled. The blood, urine, and kidneys were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and bacterial culture. On the basis of serological, molecular, and/or culture techniques, the total detection of leptospiral infection was 29.3% (n = 24/ 82). Through culture techniques, 16.7% (n = 4/24) of the cats that tested positive were carriers with positive kidney cultures, and one cat was culture positive for both urine and kidney. The Leptospira spp. isolates were identified as pathogenic L. interrogans serovar Bataviae through serological and molecular methods. Through serological techniques, 87.5% (n = 21/24) had positive antibody titers (100-1600) and most of the Bataviae serogroup (n = 19/ 21). Using PCR, 16.7% (n = 4/24) of cats were shown to have pathogenic Leptospira spp. DNA in their urine. Furthermore, three out of four culture positive cats were serology negative. The present study reports the first retrieval of pathogenic leptospires from urine and kidneys obtained from naturally infected cats. The results provide evidence of the potential role of naturally infected cats in the transmission of leptospires. Additionally, leptospiral infection occurs sub-clinically in cats. The culture isolation provides evidence that healthy cats could be reservoirs of leptospiral infection, and this information may promote the development of disease prevention strategies for the cat population.

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“…(2) exposure to carrier rodents; and (3) transmission from livestock or pets. 6 Feline leptospirosis was first described in 1972, 7 and prevalence studies show the main serovars belong to serogroups Australis, Autumnalis, Canicola and Sejroe, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] although there are geographical variations. The most frequent serovars involved in feline leptospirosis in Europe -according to the European consensus statement on leptospirosis, and based on the prevalence of antibodies measured by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) -belong to serogroups Australis, Autumnalis, Ballum, Canicola, Grippo typhosa, Ictero haemorrhagiae, Pomo na and Sejroe.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in cats: Current literature review to guide diagnosis and management

Murillo

Goris

Ahmed

et al. 2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Global importance: Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide. Mammals (eg, rats, horses, cows, pigs, dogs, cats and aquatic species, such as sea lions and northern elephant seals) can all be infected by leptospires. Infection in animals occurs through contact with urine or water contaminated with the bacteria. In people, the disease is acquired mainly from animal sources or through recreational activities in contaminated water. Practical relevance: Literature on the clinical presentation of leptospirosis in cats is scarce, although it has been demonstrated that cats are susceptible to infection and are capable of developing antibodies. The prevalence of antileptospiral antibodies in cats varies from 4% to 33.3% depending on the geographical location. Urinary shedding of leptospires in naturally infected cats has been reported, with a prevalence of up to 68%. Infection in cats has been associated with the consumption of infected prey, especially rodents. Thus, outdoor cats have a higher risk of becoming infected. Clinical challenges: Clinical presentation of this disease in cats is rare and it is not known what role cats have in the transmission of leptospirosis. Ongoing work is needed to characterise feline leptospirosis. Audience: This review is aimed at all veterinarians, both general practitioners who deal with cats on a daily basis in private practice, as well as feline practitioners, since both groups face the challenge of diagnosing and treating infectious and zoonotic diseases. Evidence base: The current literature on leptospirosis in cats is reviewed. To date, few case reports have been published in the field, and information has mostly been extrapolated from infections in people and dogs. This review is expected to serve as a guide for the diagnosis and management of the disease in cats.

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Serological Detection of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies in Shelter Cats in Malaysia

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

Leptospira Detection in Cats in Spain by Serology and Molecular Techniques

First report of pathogenic Leptospira spp. isolated from urine and kidneys of naturally infected cats

Leptospirosis in cats: Current literature review to guide diagnosis and management

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