Serological diagnosis of acute tick‐borne encephalitis by demonstration of antibodies of the IgM class

Roggendorf, Michael; Heinz, Franz X.; Deinhardt, Friedrich; Kunz, C

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890070105

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…TBEV infections were confirmed by demonstration of TBEV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in serum by routine serological screening tests (IMMUNOZYM FSME IgG, IgM, IMMUNO AG, Heidelberg, Germany) [16]. Specimens were tested at the Department of Virology in the Institute of Medical Microbiology of the University of Freiburg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Findings in Tick-Borne Encephalitis - Correlation with Clinical Outcome

Kaiser¹,

Holzmann

2000

Infection

118

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Infection with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can result in various neurological complications. At present, there are little data available on laboratory findings that might help predict the clinical course and prognosis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). In the present study 100 patients with TBE were examined in respect to various laboratory parameters potentially characteristic for the disease and indicative for the prognosis in TBE. Pleocytosis, impairment of the blood-CSF barrier and intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins (IgM > IgG, IgA) were common findings in most patients. On admission to the hospital, 84% of the patients presented with an intrathecal synthesis of TBEV-specific IgM and/or IgG antibodies in the CSF. At follow-up, intrathecal synthesis of TBEV-specific antibodies was demonstrated in all patients studied within 15 days after the first examination, but changes of CSF parameters did not correlate with the clinical course of disease. In contrast to those with moderate course of disease, patients with severe courses of TBE displayed higher cell counts in the CSF and lower concentrations of neutralizing antibodies in serum, and more frequently revealed an intrathecal synthesis of total IgG. TBE-specific oligoclonal IgG antibodies in the CSF were demonstrated only in three patients with prior, incomplete, vaccination against TBE. The severe course of disease in individual patients with TBE may result from a slow or low production of neutralizing antibodies. In these patients, the more intense damage of the CNS tissue is reflected by higher cell counts in the CSF. At onset of disease the presence of a low concentration of neutralizing antibodies in serum and a high cell count in the CSF might indicate an unfavorable course of TBE.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Findings in Tick-Borne Encephalitis - Correlation with Clinical Outcome

Kaiser¹,

Holzmann

2000

Infection

118

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“…This is important, given that viral serological testing based solely on the determination of the presence of IgM can lead to false conclusions, because IgM responses last for only a very short period of time and could be missed if serum samples are collected too early or too late [14]. On the other hand, IgM can persist for months or even years after primary infection and reappear during secondary infection [15]. When interpreting our IgM results, one should be aware that the IgM assay used in the present study was based on the indirect enzyme immunoassay format, the sensitivity of which might be inferior to that of the IgM capture format, and that our omission of the IgG antibody removal step might have decreased the assay's sensitivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Avidity Maturation during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus Infection

et al. 2005

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The maturation of virus-specific immunoglobulin G avidity during severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection was examined. The avidity indices were low (mean +/- SD, 30.8% +/- 11.6%) among serum samples collected < or =50 days after fever onset, intermediate (mean +/- SD, 52.1% +/- 14.1%) among samples collected between days 51 and 90, and high (mean +/- SD, 78.1% +/- 8.0%) among samples collected after day 90. Avidity indices of 40% and 55% could be considered as cutoff values for determination of recent (< or =50 days) and past (>65 days) infection, respectively. Measurement of antibody avidity can be used to differentiate primary infection from reexposure and to assess humoral responses to candidate vaccines.

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“…Therefore, detection of IgM can be missed if the serum sample is taken too late or too early and can thus cause false exclusions of current infections. There are also many reports on IgM responses that persisted for months or even years after the primary infection [Thomas et al, 1992;Erdman et al, 1991;Roggendorf et al, 1981;Hofmann et al, 1983 a;Zaaijer et al, 1993;Lundkvist et al, 1993]. This situation may result in a false-positive diagnosis of current infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific tests for diagnosis or exclusion of current TBEV infection are therefore required for differential diagnosis and for the determination of immunity. IgG and IgM-specific ELISAs have been used successfully in recent years Roggendorf et al, 1981;Frisch-Niggemeyer, 1982;Hofmann and Popow-Kraupp 1982;Hofmann et al, 1983a,b;Grandien et al, 1984;Schmitz and Emmerich, 1984;Hofmannn et al, 1985;Grubhoffer et al, 1988]. Evaluation of TBE virus specific IgM ELISAs pointed to the problem of persistent TBE virus IgM [Roggendorff et al, 1981;Hofmann et al, 1983a], which might lead to false-positive determinations of current viral infection in some cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avidity determination of IgG directed against tick-borne encephalitis virus improves detection of current infections

Gassmann¹,

Bauer²

1997

J. Med. Virol.

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Recently, avidity determination of IgG has been introduced successfully into virus serology as an additional and specific means for confirmation or exclusion of current infections. This simple and highly reproducible method can compensate for problems arising by classical serology, which include lack of detectable IgM responses during primary infections and persistent IgM responses after past infections. We show that avidity determination can be applied successfully for serological diagnosis of TBEV infection. Using the urea denaturation method, primary TBEV infections showed anti-TBEV IgG of low avidity (avidity index < 0.4), whereas sera from individuals with past infections exhibited high avidity IgG. The retrospective analysis of cases with clinical symptoms of TBEV infection in the absence of detectable anti-TBEV IgM showed that a significant number of these cases (5/45) had anti-TBEV IgG of low avidity, indicating current infection. We recommended the use of avidity determination as a method for routine TBEV serology.

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Serological diagnosis of acute tick‐borne encephalitis by demonstration of antibodies of the IgM class

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Laboratory Findings in Tick-Borne Encephalitis - Correlation with Clinical Outcome

Laboratory Findings in Tick-Borne Encephalitis - Correlation with Clinical Outcome

Antibody Avidity Maturation during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus Infection

Avidity determination of IgG directed against tick-borne encephalitis virus improves detection of current infections

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