Serological Evidence of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Wild and Domestic Animals in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne zoonotic disease responsible for severe outbreaks in livestock and humans with concomitant economic losses in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study, therefore, investigated the seroprevalence of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) among wild and domestic animals. Blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from 106 wild animals, 300 cattle (Bos indicus), and 200 horses (Equus caballus), respectively, in Yankari Game Reserve (YGR) and Sumu Wildlife Park (SWP) in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Harvested sera from blood were evaluated for the presence of anti-RVFV IgM/IgG antibodies. The overall seroprevalence in cattle was 11.3% ( p = 0.677; 95% CI: 0.624–0.730) and in wildlife was 8.5% ( p = 0.006; 95% CI: 0.00–0.60). The diversity of wildlife species sampled indicated seropositivity of 36.0% in waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymus), 25.0% in elephant (Loxodonta africana), 12.5% in eland (Taurotragus oryx), and 8.3% in wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). Whereas, samples from zebra (Equus quagga crawshayi), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama) did not show detectable antibodies to RVFV, and seroprevalence in female (15.0%) wildlife species was higher than in males (4.5%) ( p = 0.061). Classification of cattle into breed and sex showed no significant difference in seropositivity. Seropositivity of 12.0% was observed in White Fulani, 12.1% in Red Bororo, and 7.8% in Sokoto Gudali breeds of cattle ( p = 0.677). Whereas, seropositivity of 13.6% was observed in females and 6.4% observed in males ( p = 0.068). This study indicated the presence of antibodies to RVFV among some wild animals and cattle in the absence of a reported outbreak in the study area. The circulation of RVFV in the study area may pose a significant health risk to livestock, wildlife, and humans. Therefore, surveillance for RVFV should be intensified targeting mosquito vectors and humans in Bauchi state, Nigeria.

Detection of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Antibodies in Cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria

“…We carried out this study in three local government areas (LGAs), Plateau State, North-Central, Nigeria. The state shares border with Bauchi State, which has one of the largest game reserves in the country (Yankari Game Reserve) and many wildlife parks where Rift Valley fever virus antibodies have been reported in wildlife and domestic animals [16]. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to carry out seropositivity of the CCHF virus in Plateau.…”

Contemporary epidemiological data of Rift Valley fever virus in humans, mosquitoes and other animal species in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Of the 388 eligible articles, 183 were excluded for multiple reasons described in Figure 1. Finally, a total of 205 articles (629 data on prevalence and/or CFR) met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review (Abakar et al., 2014; Abdallah et al., 2016; Adamu, 2020; Adamu et al., 2021; Adesiyun et al., 2020; Ahmed et al., 2018, 2020; Alhaji, 2020; Andayi et al., 2014; Andriamandimby et al., 2010; Andriamandimby et al., 2018; Aradaib et al., 2013; Archer et al., 2011, 2013; Atuman et al., 2022; Ayari‐Fakhfakh et al., 2011; Ba et al., 2012; Baudin et al., 2016; Beechler et al., 2015; van den Bergh et al., 2022; Bett et al., 2019; Bird et al., 2008; Bisimwa et al., 2016; Bloland et al., 2010; Blomstrom et al., 2016; Bob et al., 2017, 2022; Bonney et al., 2013; Bosworth et al., 2016; Boushab et al., 2015, 2016; Boussini et al., 2013, 2014; Breiman et al., 2010; Budasha et al., 2018; Budodo et al., 2020; Bukbuk et al., 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007; Chambaro et al., 2022; Chengula et al., 2014; Chevalier et al., 2005, 2011; Cichon et al., 2021; Clements et al., 2019; Cook et al., 2017; Cosseddu et al., 2021; Di Nardo et al., 2014; Diallo et al., 2005; Dione et al., 2022; Dondona et al., 2016; Durand et al., 2003, 2020; Dutuze et al., 2020; Ebogo‐Belobo et al., 2022; Eckstein et al., 2022; El Bahgy et al., 2018; El Mamy et al., …”

“…The pooled RVF prevalence in humans was estimated to be 7.8% [95% CI = 6.2–9.6] based on a sample of 102,427 participants. RVF prevalence data displayed presented substantial heterogeneity among the studies ( I 2 = 99.0% [95% CI = 98.9–99.0], p < 0.0001) (Adamu et al., 2021; Ahmed et al., 2018, 2020; Andayi et al., 2014; Andriamandimby et al., 2010; Aradaib et al., 2013; Archer et al., 2011, 2013; Atuman et al., 2022; Baudin et al., 2016; van den Bergh et al., 2022; Bett et al., 2019; Bloland et al., 2010; Bob et al., 2017, 2022; Bonney et al., 2013; Bosworth et al., 2016; Boushab et al., 2015; Breiman et al., 2010; Budodo et al., 2020; Bukbuk et al., 2014; Chambaro et al., 2022; Cichon et al., 2021; Clements et al., 2019; Cook et al., 2017; Cosseddu et al., 2021; Dione et al., 2022; Durand et al., 2003; Eckstein et al., 2022; Enem et al., 2020; Faye et al., 2007; Fokam et al., 2010; Gray et al., 2015; Grolla et al., 2012; Grossi‐Soyster et al., 2017; Gudo, Lesko, et al., 2016; Gudo, Pinto, et al., 2016; Guillebaud et al., 2018; Hassan et al., 2020; Hassanain et al., 2010; Heinrich et al., 2012; Ibrahim et al., 2021; Labeaud et al., 2008; Labeaud, Muiruri, et al., 2011; Labeaud et al., 2015; Muiruri et al., 2015; Lagare et al., 2019; Lysholm et al., 2022; Macharia et al., 2010; Mahmoud & Ali, 2021; Makiala‐Mandanda et al., 2018; Marrama et al., 2005; Mease et al., 2011; Mohamed et al., 2019; Msimang et...…”

“…Of the 388 eligible articles, 183 were excluded for multiple reasons described in Figure 1. Finally, a total of 205 articles (629 data on prevalence and/or CFR) met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review (Abakar et al, 2014;Abdallah et al, 2016;Adamu, 2020;Adamu et al, 2021;Adesiyun et al, 2020;Ahmed et al, 2018Ahmed et al, , 2020Alhaji, 2020;Andayi et al, 2014;Andriamandimby et al, 2010;Andriamandimby et al, 2018;Aradaib et al, 2013;Archer et al, 2011Archer et al, , 2013Atuman et al, 2022;Ayari-Fakhfakh et al, 2011;Ba et al, 2012;Baudin et al, 2016;Beechler et al, 2015;van den Bergh et al, 2022;Spiropoulou & Nyakarahuka, 2018;Sternberg Lewerin, 2018;Stoek et al, 2022;Sumaye et al, 2013Sumaye et al, , 2015Swai & Schoonman, 2009;Swai & Sindato, 2015;Tigoi, 2020;Tigoi et al, 2015;Traoré-Lamizana et al, 2001;Troupin et al, 2022;Tshilenge et al, 2019;Umuhoza et al, 2017;Ushijima et al, 2021;van den Bergh et al, 2020;Wensman et al, 2015;Wolff et al, 2018;Woods et al, 2002;Youssef, 2001Youssef, , 2009…”

Rift Valley Fever Virus—Infection, Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses

“…Primarily domesticated ruminants such as sheep, goat, cattle and ungulates like camels were considered to be most susceptible, however, there is also serological evidence of infection in several other wild animals such as impalas, giraffes, pigs, warthogs, etc. [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”