Serological evidence of HIV, Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among liver disease patients attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria

Oluremi, Adeolu Sunday; Opaleye, Oluyinka Oladele; Ogbolu, David Olusoga; Alli, O. A. Terry; Ashiru, F. T.; Alaka, O. O.; Suleiman, Ibrahim Eleha; Enitan, Seyi Samson; Adelakun, Ayodele Ademola; Adediji, Isaac Oluwole; Olowoyeye, E. A.; Adewumi, O. O.; Ayodele, T.O.; Ogunleke, O. A.

doi:10.1080/15321819.2020.1821214

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1.0% was recorded by Aaron et al in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, in 2021. Ikeako et al (2014 observed 0.16% prevalence in the south-east of Nigeria, 0.5% in Anyigba, 0.7% in the south-east (Diwe et al, 2013), 0.8% in Abuja (Agboghoroma & Ukaire, 2020), and 0.8% and 0.9% reported by Oluremi et al (2021) and Onyekwere and Hameed (2015), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Serological Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Febrile Patients Attending a General Hospital in Emohua LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria

Okonko¹,

Nwagwu²

2023

Preprint

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This study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among febrile patients attending a General Hospital in Emohua LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria. Eighty-nine patients, including 31 males and 58 females, aged 2 to 60 years, were recruited for this study. Blood samples were screened for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) using a commercially available anti-HCV-Ab enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based kits following the manufacturer's description. The results showed an overall prevalence of 5.6%. Higher prevalence of HCV was observed among females (6.9%), age groups >41 years (11.1%), singles (7.9%) and patients with primary education (33.3%). Among all the variables evaluated, only education (p = 0.007) was significantly associated with the prevalence of HCV. Age (p = 0.21), sex (p = 0.47) and marital status (p = 0.42) were not associated with the prevalence of HCV among the studied population. This study showed a prevalence rate (5.6%) that is slightly alarmingly well above several other studies done in the past in Nigeria. The seropositivity of HCV among febrile patients remains a great danger to public health. Therefore, HCV screening by ELISA methods in all patients is recommended. Planned prevention, screening and treatment are needed to reduce further transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Serological Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Febrile Patients Attending a General Hospital in Emohua LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria

Okonko¹,

Nwagwu²

2023

Preprint

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“…HIV/HCV coinfection prevalence among adult patients attending selected highly active anti-retroviral therapy clinics in Abuja was found to be 3.86% [25]. The 3.3% seroprevalence rate of HIV/HCV coinfection was reported by Akinbami et al [26] HCV prevalence rates of 0.8% and 0.9% have also been reported by Oluremi et al [33] and Onyekwere and Hameed [34] respectively. Despite these studies were not specifically conducted amongst HIV infected populations, it is a pointer that HIV/HCV coinfections is not common.…”

Section: Hiv Coinfections With Hcvmentioning

confidence: 80%

Zero Prevalence of HIV and HCV Coinfection in the Highly HIV-infected Population of Rivers State, Nigeria

Okonko

Cookey

Frank-Peterside

2021

AJRIMPS

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Background: Hepatitis C affects 5–15% of the 38 million people living with HIV globally. Africa which has the second highest prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection following Asia. This alarming statistics has made it crucial that studies be done to also ascertain the HIV/HCV co-infection prevalence in the country and host factors which may influence the co-infection. Objective: Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of HCV infection amongst the HIV population of Rivers state, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), in Rivers State, Nigeria, from February 2017 to September 2019. Methods: In this study, 226 HIV-infected individuals were recruited comprising 105 males and 121 females. These subjects were screened for the presence of HIV and HCV using ELISA and was performed according to the kit manufacturer’s stipulations. The demographic characteristics of the participants were obtained using a questionnaire designed for the study. Results: The presence of antibodies to HIV-1 reconfirmed the HIV status in all the study subject. A seroprevalence rate of 0.0% was observed for HIV/HCV infection. The ratio of females to males was found to be 1.2:1. The ages of the study population ranged from 16 to 70 years with a median age of 42.5 years. A large number (30.5%, n = 69) of the participants were within the age group 40 – 49 years, followed by those within 30 – 39 years (26.1%, n= 59), 50 – 59 years (17.3%, n = 39) and >59 years (13.7%, n = 31). Participants that were within younger age groups had less population; 20 – 29 years (9.7%, n = 22), with those that are <20 years having the least population (2.7%, n = 6). Many (49.1%, n = 111) of the study participants were found to be married. About 46.5% (n = 105) of them were single, while a few (4%, n = 10) were widowed. Conclusion: No coinfection of HIV/HCV was found, in spite of Nigeria being endemic for HCV. However, despite this zero rate of HIV/HCV coinfection, routine screening for HCV markers should be carried out to reduce morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals.

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“…Contrarily, the rate of HIV/HCV coinfection in this study is higher than that of studies done in Ethiopia, which revealed a 1.3% rate (Balew et al, 2014). This 4.0% is also higher than the 0.5% for HIV/HCV coinfection among HIV-infected and HIV-naive children in Lagos (Lawal et al, 2020), the 1.7% in Northcentral, Nigeria (Durowaye et al, 2014), the 1.5% in the USA (Schuval et al, 2004), 1.0% was recorded by Aaron et al (2021) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, the 0.16% prevalence in the southeast of Nigeria (Ikeako et al (2014), 0.5% in Anyigba (Omatola et al, 2019), 0.7% in the southeast (Diwe et al, 2013), 0.8% in Abuja (Agboghoroma & Ukaire, 2020), 0.8% in Osogbo (Oluremi et al (2021), 0.9% reported by Onyekwere and Hameed (2015) and 2.0% in Ethiopia (Deress et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evidence of Hiv/HCV Coinfection Among People Living With Hiv/Aids Attending Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria

Okonko

Shaibu

2023

Preprint

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Coinfection of hepatitis C (HCV) may compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection in people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHA) receiving ART and associated factors. Patients were selected from HIV-1-infected patients enrolled in National HAART Cohort at Federal Medical Centre in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Following the manufacturer's instructions, medical assessments and anti-HCV antibody serology were obtained for analysis with an ELISA kit (Dia. Pro). A total of 4 of 104 PLWHA tested were anti-HCV antibody positive (4.0%). HIV/HCV coinfections were higher in age groups >41 years (4.4%), males (7.0%), CD4 counts 350-499 cells (7.1%) and PVL >1000 copies/ml (10.0%). CD4 counts and viral load were an indicator for HIV/HCV coinfections. Socio-demographic variables were not associated (p > 0.05) with HIV/HCV coinfection in univariate analysis; older PLWHA were more likely to be HCV-positive. Males were more prone to HIV/HCV coinfection than females. HIV status did seem to influence the predisposition to HCV infection, as an increase in susceptibility was observed with HIV-infected patients in Yenagoa, Nigeria. The high prevalence of HIV/HCV coinfection in PLWHA in Yenagoa receiving ART demands routine screening for viral hepatitis coinfection, intensive prevention of childhood HCV transmission, and modification of the management of HIV infection.

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Serological evidence of HIV, Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among liver disease patients attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Serological Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Febrile Patients Attending a General Hospital in Emohua LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria

Serological Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Febrile Patients Attending a General Hospital in Emohua LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria

Zero Prevalence of HIV and HCV Coinfection in the Highly HIV-infected Population of Rivers State, Nigeria

Evidence of Hiv/HCV Coinfection Among People Living With Hiv/Aids Attending Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria

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