Seroprevalance of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Commercial Broilers and Backyard Poultry in Five Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Abstract

Serological survey for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) was conducted in serum samples of broilers and backyard poultry collected from five major districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The serum samples were examined by serum plate agglutination (SPA) test using stained MG & MS antigens separately. Out of total (n=648) broiler serum samples MG and MS prevalence was recorded as 35.03 and 16.67%, respectively. The highest prevalence of MG was recorded in Dera Ismail Khan 43.33% (65/150) followed by Tank 40% (60/150), Peshawar 36.67% (33/90), Abbottabad 31.46% (45/143) and Mansehra 20.86% (24/115) while in case of MS the highest prevalence was reported in Peshawar 23.33% (21/90) followed by Dera Ismail Khan 20% (30/150), Mansehra 18.26%

Pooled molecular occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Our results revealed a heterogeneous pattern of occurrence that varied according to the mycoplasma species and the level of aggregation (regional or national). Indeed, we found that the overall occurrence of MS was higher than that of MG, thus coinciding with previous studies (Mettifogo et al., 2015; Rajkumar et al., 2018) but disagreeing with others that have shown the opposite trend (Ball et al., 2018; Rehman et al., 2018; Tomar et al., 2017). MG and MS had the lowest pooled occurrence (13.9% and 22.9%, respectively) in studies from the region of Europe and Central Asia.…”

“…The efficient containment of these two pathogens requires identifying infected birds to reduce the risk of transferring the infection to healthy birds, as well as to prioritize care and control measures on geographical regions in which MG and MS are highly prevalent. Currently, there are several reports of the seroprevalence of mycoplasmas in poultry farms around the globe (Ali et al., 2015; Feberwee et al., 2008; Rehman et al., 2018; Xue et al., 2017). However, they are based on a serological test that may lack specificity or sensitivity (World Organization for Animal Health [OIE], 2019) or also might be inaccurate for the detection of avian mycoplasmosis because the serological tests cannot be used to determine whether the presence of antibodies is due to infection with a field strain or the result of immunoprophylaxis (Kursa et al., 2016).…”

Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection, A Perpetual Problem

“…The causative agent of CRD in poultry birds is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) which belong to the Mycoplasmataceae family (Rehman et al, 2018). Mycoplasma is the smallest prokaryote that does not have a cell wall but these are sur-rounded by three layers of the cell membrane (Marouf et al, 2022).…”

“…Among the major poultry disease, CRD in chicken is the most common respiratory disorder with the causative agent Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae that cause a huge economical loss (Rehman et al, 2018;Shoaib, 2019). MG is the main pathogenic mycoplasma that causes reproductive and respiratory disease in poultry (Huang et al, 2021).…”

Histopathological lesion of Arthritis in Mycoplasma synoviae naturally infected breeder chicken in Egypt

“…Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is worldwide economically important pathogen of poultry, causing respiratory infection and synovitis in chickens and turkeys, The affected hocks are swollen, hot and affected birds are depressed, reluctant to walk and lameness, the synovial membranes of tendon sheaths become thickened and edematous, with fibrinous exudate within and around the tendon sheaths (McNamee and Smyth 2000;Shoaib et al 2020). Swelling of the joints, especially of the hocks and a clear to turbid or caseous exudate may be present in the joints, bursae and in the tendon sheaths and in the sternal bursa (Ghazikhanian et al 1973;Rehman et al 2018).…”